{"id":"quercus-kelloggii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus kelloggii","commonNames":["Quercus kelloggii"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus kelloggii","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUKE","gbifKey":2878586},"usdaZoneMin":"6b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["CA","OR"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUKE","sourceTaxon":"Quercus kelloggii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70332, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":85,"waterNeed":"moderate","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.2","score":{"value":1.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2634; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 595.5","score":{"value":595.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2642; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.44","score":{"value":0.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2650; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 95.9","score":{"value":95.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2658; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 89.2","score":{"value":89.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2666; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 83","score":{"value":83,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3237; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 34.1","score":{"value":34.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3255; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.3","score":{"value":92.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3273; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 233.3","score":{"value":233.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3291; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.38","score":{"value":2.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16981; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.52","score":{"value":4.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16982; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.37","score":{"value":3.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16983; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.11","score":{"value":2.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16984; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.8","score":{"value":3.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16985; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.05","score":{"value":5.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16986; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.91","score":{"value":6.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16987; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 303.23","score":{"value":303.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16988; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 329.57","score":{"value":329.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16989; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 258.98","score":{"value":258.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16990; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 386.19","score":{"value":386.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16991; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 340.53","score":{"value":340.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16992; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 108.96","score":{"value":108.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16993; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 159","score":{"value":159,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16994; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 872","score":{"value":872,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16995; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 878","score":{"value":878,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16996; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 610","score":{"value":610,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16997; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 846","score":{"value":846,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16998; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 876","score":{"value":876,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16999; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 392","score":{"value":392,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17000; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 390","score":{"value":390,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17001; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 93","score":{"value":93,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17002; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.09","score":{"value":92.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17003; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 67.25","score":{"value":67.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17004; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 90.54","score":{"value":90.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17005; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84","score":{"value":84,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17006; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 46.11","score":{"value":46.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17007; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 47.35","score":{"value":47.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17008; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.609","score":{"value":0.609,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17009; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.521","score":{"value":0.521,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17010; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.328","score":{"value":0.328,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17011; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.466","score":{"value":0.466,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17012; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.571","score":{"value":0.571,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17013; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.246","score":{"value":0.246,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17014; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.221","score":{"value":0.221,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17015; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","OR"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","OR"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUKE","sourceTaxon":"Quercus kelloggii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70332, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUKE","sourceTaxon":"Quercus kelloggii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70332, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUKE","sourceTaxon":"Quercus kelloggii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70332, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA","OR"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"6b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}