{"id":"quercus-gambelii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus gambelii","commonNames":["Gambel Oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus gambelii","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUGA","gbifKey":2878268,"itisTsn":19337,"wikidataQid":"Q2266358","inatTaxonId":116377},"usdaZoneMin":"2b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AZ","CO","ID","NM","NV","OK","SD","TX","UT","WY"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARI — Arizona"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 COL — Colorado"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NM"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWM — New Mexico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OKL — Oklahoma"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 UTA — Utah"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WYO — Wyoming"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUGA","sourceTaxon":"Quercus gambelii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70265, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":40,"waterNeed":"low","fireEcologyContexts":[{"source":"usfs-feis","sourceRecordId":"QUEGAM","sourceTaxon":"Quercus gambelii","taxonMatch":"exact-scientific-name","reviewTitle":"Quercus gambelii, Gambel oak","reviewWritten":"2000-02","pageLastUpdated":"2025-05-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/quegam","catalogVersion":"feis-species-reviews-2026-08-26-sha256-904b6f178d41","assertions":[{"dimension":"immediate-fire-effect","statement":"Fire may top-kill Gambel oak; tree forms are less susceptible in low-severity fire than shrubs whose branches sit near surface fuels.","section":"Immediate Fire Effects","anchor":"management"},{"dimension":"postfire-response","statement":"Fire commonly stimulates vigorous sprouting from protected rhizomes and lignotubers, often beginning in the first growing season.","section":"Plant Response to Fire","anchor":"management"},{"dimension":"fuels","statement":"Dense understories can function as ladder fuels beneath ponderosa pine, while conifer encroachment adds resinous foliage and persistent litter.","section":"Fire Ecology and Fire Adaptations","anchor":"management"}]}],"photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-gambelii.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/24201006","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Rod","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"fire-resistance score 6 of 10","score":{"value":6,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"sourcePlacement":{"value":"plantable at 50' from home","scheme":"idaho-distance"},"url":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"white-etal-2002-cone-update","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Author-named low relative flammability","score":{"value":41,"scale":"green-PHRR-kW-m2"},"claims":"Table 4 reports 107% foliage moisture, green-sample PHRR 41 kW/m2, and dry-sample EHOC 14.2 MJ/kg.","plantPart":"shoot","condition":"green","edition":"2002","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/8596.pdf","documentDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 225.34","score":{"value":225.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3345; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 39","score":{"value":39,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3351; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.04","score":{"value":9.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9119; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.25","score":{"value":8.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9120; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.16","score":{"value":10.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9121; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.99","score":{"value":9.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9122; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.21","score":{"value":10.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9123; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling september. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.52","score":{"value":10.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9124; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.71","score":{"value":9.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9125; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-1; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.75","score":{"value":0.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10542; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.58","score":{"value":0.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10543; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.58","score":{"value":0.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10544; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.91","score":{"value":0.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10545; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.53","score":{"value":0.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10546; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.48","score":{"value":6.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10552; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.98","score":{"value":6.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10553; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.23","score":{"value":5.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10554; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.84","score":{"value":5.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10555; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.46","score":{"value":5.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10556; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 215","score":{"value":215,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10562; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 286","score":{"value":286,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10563; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 278","score":{"value":278,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10564; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 308","score":{"value":308,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10565; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 237","score":{"value":237,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10566; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.56","score":{"value":0.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10572; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.49","score":{"value":0.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10573; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.59","score":{"value":0.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10574; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.6","score":{"value":0.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10575; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.42","score":{"value":0.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10576; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.31","score":{"value":1.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10588; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.13","score":{"value":1.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10589; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.07","score":{"value":1.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10590; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.15","score":{"value":1.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10591; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.17","score":{"value":1.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10592; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.03","score":{"value":1.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10593; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.51","score":{"value":1.51,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10594; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.2","score":{"value":1.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10595; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.95","score":{"value":0.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10596; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.94","score":{"value":0.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10597; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 7.74","score":{"value":7.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10609; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.74","score":{"value":5.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10610; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.02","score":{"value":8.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10611; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.27","score":{"value":6.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10612; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.87","score":{"value":5.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10613; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.54","score":{"value":5.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10614; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 7.91","score":{"value":7.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10615; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.11","score":{"value":5.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10616; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.97","score":{"value":6.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10617; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.96","score":{"value":4.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10618; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 250","score":{"value":250,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10630; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 239","score":{"value":239,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10631; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 384","score":{"value":384,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10632; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 267","score":{"value":267,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10633; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 269","score":{"value":269,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10634; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 258","score":{"value":258,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10635; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 224","score":{"value":224,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10636; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 212","score":{"value":212,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10637; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 225","score":{"value":225,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10638; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 244","score":{"value":244,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10639; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling july. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 41","score":{"value":41,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14144; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3391.61","score":{"value":3391.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14197; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3296.07","score":{"value":3296.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14289; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 277","score":{"value":277,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16701; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.53","score":{"value":0.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16702; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.022","score":{"value":0.022,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18242; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-2; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0104","score":{"value":0.0104,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18243; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-2; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo replaced 2026-08-24 (joint review; prior auto-pick was not a usable reference image); human-reviewed."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","CO","ID","NM","NV","OK","SD","TX","UT","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARI — Arizona"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 COL — Colorado"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NM"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWM — New Mexico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OKL — Oklahoma"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 UTA — Utah"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WYO — Wyoming"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","CO","ID","NM","NV","OK","SD","TX","UT","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"2b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUGA","sourceTaxon":"Quercus gambelii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70265, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUGA","sourceTaxon":"Quercus gambelii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70265, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUGA","sourceTaxon":"Quercus gambelii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70265, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","sourceName":"Fire Resistance of Plants Master Database","sourceUrl":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["Southern Idaho"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The official database labels itself \"For Southern Idaho\" and describes Idaho residents at the urban-rangeland interface. FireApproved publishes 419 existing plant owners that cite its scored rows. This bounded Southern Idaho scope is regional context, not statewide coverage or a conclusion that the score transfers unchanged to every Idaho site.","sourceVersion":"Idaho-Firewise-Southern-Idaho-Master-2013-11-08","asOf":"2013-11-08T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"white-etal-2002-cone-update","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/8596.pdf","claims":"Table 4 reports 107% foliage moisture, green-sample PHRR 41 kW/m2, and dry-sample EHOC 14.2 MJ/kg.","evidenceIndex":1}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AZ","CO","NM","NV","OK","TX","UT","WY"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"2b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}