{"id":"quercus-cerris","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus cerris","commonNames":["Quercus cerris"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus cerris","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUCE","gbifKey":2880580},"states":["MA","NY"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10087","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus cerris","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyw), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUCE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4324","score":{"value":4324,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5003; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-2; sampling september. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4893","score":{"value":4893,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5050; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-2; sampling september. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4672","score":{"value":4672,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5051; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-2; sampling september. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 83","score":{"value":83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19257; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19259; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19261; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1737","score":{"value":1737,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19263; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1433","score":{"value":1433,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19265; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 565","score":{"value":565,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19267; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 18976.3","score":{"value":18976.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19269; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 18947.64","score":{"value":18947.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19271; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 16480.36","score":{"value":16480.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19273; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 158.88","score":{"value":158.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19275; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 193.02","score":{"value":193.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19277; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 317.8","score":{"value":317.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19279; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.23","score":{"value":0.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19281; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.19","score":{"value":0.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19283; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.27","score":{"value":0.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19285; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 76.2","score":{"value":76.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19287; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 76.68","score":{"value":76.68,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19289; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 80.17","score":{"value":80.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19291; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Miši?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 9–12.","original":"Protic2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["MA","NY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA","NY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10087","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus cerris","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyw), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUCE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}