{"id":"quercus-berberidifolia","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus berberidifolia","commonNames":["Quercus berberidifolia"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus berberidifolia","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUBE5","gbifKey":2878674},"states":["CA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 346","score":{"value":346,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3300; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Engstrom2004-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engstrom2004: Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Smith, S. G., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2004). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 176, 1577-1591.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Engstrom2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 309.81","score":{"value":309.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3343; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 66.6","score":{"value":66.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3349; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 311","score":{"value":311,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12916; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2003: Smith, S. G., Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2003). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. 2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress. Orlando, FL. USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 343","score":{"value":343,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12917; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2003: Smith, S. G., Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2003). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. 2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress. Orlando, FL. USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 485","score":{"value":485,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12918; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2003: Smith, S. G., Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2003). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. 2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress. Orlando, FL. USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.9","score":{"value":0.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12919; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2003: Smith, S. G., Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2003). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. 2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress. Orlando, FL. USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.83","score":{"value":1.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12920; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2003: Smith, S. G., Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2003). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. 2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress. Orlando, FL. USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 317","score":{"value":317,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16697; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.93","score":{"value":4.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16698; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 117","score":{"value":117,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16719; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 260","score":{"value":260,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16720; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 312","score":{"value":312,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16721; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 463","score":{"value":463,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16722; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 372","score":{"value":372,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16723; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 445","score":{"value":445,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16724; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.31","score":{"value":0.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16725; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.82","score":{"value":0.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16726; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.99","score":{"value":0.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16727; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.58","score":{"value":1.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16728; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.86","score":{"value":0.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16729; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.38","score":{"value":1.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16730; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0141","score":{"value":0.0141,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18238; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0119","score":{"value":0.0119,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18239; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}