{"id":"pyracantha","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pyracantha spp.","commonNames":["Pyracantha"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Pyracantha","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PYRAC","gbifKey":10822990,"itisTsn":25291,"wikidataQid":"Q157748","inatTaxonId":54052},"states":["MI"],"plantForm":"shrub","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pyracantha.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/325364896","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/186210436","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Gianni Del Bufalo bygdb, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (hedges, garden column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed by at least two cited sources","claims":"Compilation marks: UCFPL 1997, MT200101AG, USU NR/FF/002.","edition":"SP-05-16 (2005)","url":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as a firewise plant for Utah landscapes","claims":"Source says the plant can be firewise when properly used and maintained. Source table name: Pyracantha species.","edition":"2005 revision","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","documentDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"onf-dfci-haies-2012","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Faible fire sensitivity","claims":"The fiche's overall sensitivity combines experimental-bench inflammability, intensity, and combustion measurements with foresters' observations of fire damage.","claimOriginal":"Sensibilité au feu : Faible","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2012","url":"https://www.biot.fr/media-file/1393/guide-dfci-haies.pdf","documentDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Pyracantha spp. (Pyracantha).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"DESACONSEJADA","claims":"Pyracantha spp. is rated “DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"not suitable inside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11659; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 197","score":{"value":197,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11696; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 220","score":{"value":220,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11733; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.21","score":{"value":0.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11770; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86","score":{"value":86,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11807; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4817.52","score":{"value":4817.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11844; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 152","score":{"value":152,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11881; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Salvo2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Fire-Prone Plants","claims":"Listed as Firethorn — Pyracantha sp.. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"LESS Flammable Plants with some fire resistance","claims":"Listed as Pyracantha, firethorn. The source says highly flammable plants ignite faster and burn readily; less flammable plants have some fire resistance.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"SHRUBS","scheme":"SCFC Fire Smart plant-form sections"},"edition":"2005 brochure","url":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["MI"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","sourceName":"Landscaping Can Be Attractive & FIREWISE (Fire Smart Plant List for SC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"South Carolina Forestry Commission publishes this explicitly as its Fire Smart Plant List for South Carolina. FireApproved publishes 63 exact genus owners from 72 unique common-name labels; unsafe common-name mappings and duplicates are not broadened. The brochure calls the list non-inclusive and does not establish species-level or site-specific suitability.","sourceVersion":"SCFC-Fire-Smart-Plant-List-2005"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","sourceName":"A Compilation of Good Plant Choices for Nevada's High Fire Hazard Areas (SP-05-16)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Nevada Cooperative Extension compiled plants suited to Nevada climate zones and reported favorably by at least two upstream firewise lists. FireApproved publishes 126 exact source owners at Nevada publication scope. The source explicitly makes no independent flammability determination, so these rows remain corroborative.","sourceVersion":"UNR-Extension-SP-05-16-2005","asOf":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Utah State University Extension states that this fact sheet selects examples for Utah landscapes and that they require proper placement and maintenance. FireApproved publishes 83 exact source owners at Utah publication scope. The table is not a site-specific planting clearance.","sourceVersion":"USU-NR-FF-002-2005-02","asOf":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}