{"id":"pueraria-montana","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pueraria montana","commonNames":["Kudzu"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pueraria montana","family":"Fabaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PUMO","gbifKey":2977636,"itisTsn":504683,"wikidataQid":"Q1054489","inatTaxonId":62671},"usdaZoneMin":"6a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NE","NJ","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","TN","TX","VA","WA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — 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E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyd), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PUMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceRecordId":"2vac5-317-20:tier-3:14","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pueraria montana","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"2VAC5-317-20 Tier 3","label":"Tier 3 noxious weed — Present in the Commonwealth; spread may be slowed by movement restrictions; successful eradication or suppression is not feasible"},"associatedReferences":["https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/","https://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=11101"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"A regulated article is any listed noxious weed or any article carrying or capable of carrying a listed noxious weed. 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78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NE","NJ","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","TN","TX","VA","WA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pueraria-montana","sourceTaxon":"Pueraria montana","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pueraria-montana","sourceTaxon":"Pueraria montana","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"]},"authority":"Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05","sourceRecordId":"massachusetts:088:pueraria-montana","sourceVersion":"Massachusetts-Prohibited-Plant-List-May-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pueraria montana","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List","label":"Prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list","https://www.mass.gov/files/csv/2026-05/prohibitedplantlistMay2026.csv"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; the official page applies the list to cultivars, varieties, and hybrids, while FireApproved publishes only this unique exact species match; activity, timing, operator, and permit conditions are modeled separately from taxonomic scope"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"]},"authority":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015","sourceRecordId":"new-york:part-575:plant:059","sourceVersion":"6-NYCRR-Part-575-effective-2015-03-10-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pueraria montana","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"6 NYCRR 575.3 prohibited","label":"Prohibited invasive species — specified possession, trade, transport, introduction, propagation, and disposal rules"},"associatedReferences":["https://dec.ny.gov/nature/invasive-species/resources-regulations/regulations","https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/islist.pdf","https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may knowingly possess this prohibited invasive species with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce it; sale, import, purchase, transport, introduction, and propagation are prohibited, and disposal must render it nonliving and nonviable.","effectiveOn":"2015-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Possession or transport for identification or disposal, and control or management of pre-existing invasive species, remain exempt when handled within Part 575's no-spread boundary.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"A New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permit is required to carry out a prohibited activity for research, education, or another approved activity: possession with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; parenthetical source names are retained only to block unsafe negative receipts, while automatic publication uses the primary exact or accepted species name; current named cultivar exemptions are not projected onto this species page"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10065","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pueraria montana","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyd), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PUMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceRecordId":"2vac5-317-20:tier-3:14","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pueraria montana","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"2VAC5-317-20 Tier 3","label":"Tier 3 noxious weed — Present in the Commonwealth; spread may be slowed by movement restrictions; successful eradication or suppression is not feasible"},"associatedReferences":["https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/","https://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=11101"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"A regulated article is any listed noxious weed or any article carrying or capable of carrying a listed noxious weed. Move means to ship, offer for shipment, receive for transportation, carry, or otherwise transport, move, or allow to be moved. The movement of a regulated article is prohibited unless accompanied by a valid certificate or permit.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"The movement rule allows either a valid certificate or a permit to accompany the regulated article. A certificate is issued or authorized by the commissioner and indicates that the regulated article is not contaminated with a noxious weed. A permit is issued by the commissioner for movement of regulated articles to restricted destinations for limited handling, utilization, processing, or scientific purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match, and the source's Oplismenus infraspecific row is retained without species-page projection"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"al-afc-firewise-woodland-homes-2001","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20020913055904/http://www.forestry.state.al.us/publication/FIREWISE_LANDSCAPING_FOR_WOODLAND_HOMES.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The Alabama Forestry Commission's five-page AFC-FP-04 booklet is an Alabama publication and contains 31 printed suggested or fire-prone plant occurrences. FireApproved publishes 27 exact species or genus owners and holds one infraspecific form plus two named cultivars; this historical source scope does not establish current site suitability for a particular Alabama property.","sourceVersion":"AFC-FP-04-1999"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"MA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05"},{"state":"NY","status":"noxious-listed","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"VA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}