{"id":"pteridium-aquilinum","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pteridium aquilinum","commonNames":["Pteridium aquilinum"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pteridium aquilinum","family":"Dennstaedtiaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":5275012},"regions":["Spain"],"plantForm":"perennial","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4209.82","score":{"value":4209.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 351; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling spring. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4533.32","score":{"value":4533.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 352; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling summer. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4402.49","score":{"value":4402.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 353; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4451.44","score":{"value":4451.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 354; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling winter. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 367; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling spring. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 368; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling summer. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 369; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 370; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Anon1995-1; sampling winter. Primary study Anon1995: Añón, J.R., López, F.F., Castiñeiras, J.P., Ledo, J.P. & Regueira, L.N. (1995). Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year. Bioresource technology, 52, 269-274.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Anon1995","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4497.47","score":{"value":4497.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3906; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gillon1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7757; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling july. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7758; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling september. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7759; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling november. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7760; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling december. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4461","score":{"value":4461,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7911; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7960; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-6; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4207","score":{"value":4207,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9790; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling spring. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 830.51","score":{"value":830.51,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9791; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling summer. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4530.29","score":{"value":4530.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9792; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 785.82","score":{"value":785.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9793; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling winter. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4399.55","score":{"value":4399.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9794; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling spring. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1869.53","score":{"value":1869.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9795; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling summer. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 448.46","score":{"value":448.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9796; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 713.52","score":{"value":713.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9797; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Nunez1996-1; sampling winter. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9848; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Nunez1996-1; sampling spring. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9857; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Nunez1996-1; sampling summer. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9866; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Nunez1996-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9875; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Nunez1996-1; sampling winter. Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Nunez1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}