{"id":"pseudotsuga-menziesii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","commonNames":["Douglas fir"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PSME","gbifKey":2685796,"itisTsn":183424,"wikidataQid":"Q156687","inatTaxonId":48256},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AZ","CA","CO","DC","DE","ID","MD","MN","MT","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","TX","UT","WA","WV","WY"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 70 — Subarctic America","TDWG level 3 ASK — Alaska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARI — Arizona"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 COL — Colorado"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IDA — Idaho"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MNT — Montana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NM"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWM — New Mexico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 UTA — Utah"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WYO — Wyoming"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pseudotsuga-menziesii","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Pseudotsuga menziesii","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PSME","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15595, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":75,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pseudotsuga-menziesii.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/20415688","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13835213","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Norma Piedra, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Unusual, destinctive cone with bracts sticking out between scales that look like the tail and rear legs of \"mice\".","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ4","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ashland-prohibited","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"prohibited flammable plant","claims":"The City of Ashland restricts new planting or propagation within 30 ft of any structure, including structures on adjacent lots (AMC 9.04).","sourcePlacement":{"value":"new planting or propagation restricted within 30 ft of any structure","scheme":"ashland-amc"},"edition":"2025","url":"https://ashlandoregon.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3796/PLANT_LIST_PROHIBITED_BW_2025","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-prone","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among common fire-prone plants in Marin County.","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"white-etal-2002-cone-update","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Measured; not in an author-named high or low relative-flammability group","score":{"value":188,"scale":"green-PHRR-kW-m2"},"claims":"Table 4 reports 128% foliage moisture, green-sample PHRR 188 kW/m2, and dry-sample EHOC 17.9 MJ/kg.","plantPart":"shoot","condition":"green","edition":"2002","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/8596.pdf","documentDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"DESACONSEJADA","claims":"Pseudotsuga menziesii is rated “DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"not suitable inside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Not recommended by 3 references for use in high fire risk areas.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: U3.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.8","score":{"value":17.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 682; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Bianchi2019-1; sampling summer. Primary study Bianchi2019: Bianchi, L. O., Oddi, F .J., Muñoz, M., & Defossé, G. E. (2019). Comparison of leaf moisture content and ignition characteristics among native species and exotic conifers in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Science, 65, 375-386.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Bianchi2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 14.8","score":{"value":14.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 700; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Bianchi2019-1; sampling summer. Primary study Bianchi2019: Bianchi, L. O., Oddi, F .J., Muñoz, M., & Defossé, G. E. (2019). Comparison of leaf moisture content and ignition characteristics among native species and exotic conifers in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Science, 65, 375-386.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Bianchi2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2.5","score":{"value":2.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 718; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Bianchi2019-1; sampling summer. Primary study Bianchi2019: Bianchi, L. O., Oddi, F .J., Muñoz, M., & Defossé, G. E. (2019). Comparison of leaf moisture content and ignition characteristics among native species and exotic conifers in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Science, 65, 375-386.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Bianchi2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 69.72","score":{"value":69.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 736; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Bianchi2019-1; sampling summer. Primary study Bianchi2019: Bianchi, L. O., Oddi, F .J., Muñoz, M., & Defossé, G. E. (2019). Comparison of leaf moisture content and ignition characteristics among native species and exotic conifers in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Science, 65, 375-386.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Bianchi2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 43.2","score":{"value":43.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 827; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Blackhall2019-1; sampling february. Primary study Blackhall2019: Blackhall, M., & Raffaele, E. (2019). Flammability of Patagonian invaders and natives: When exotic plant species affect live fine fuel ignitability in wildland-urban interfaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 1-10.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Blackhall2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 205","score":{"value":205,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 858; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Blackhall2019-1; sampling february. Primary study Blackhall2019: Blackhall, M., & Raffaele, E. (2019). Flammability of Patagonian invaders and natives: When exotic plant species affect live fine fuel ignitability in wildland-urban interfaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 1-10.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Blackhall2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 24.4","score":{"value":24.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 889; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Blackhall2019-1; sampling february. Primary study Blackhall2019: Blackhall, M., & Raffaele, E. (2019). Flammability of Patagonian invaders and natives: When exotic plant species affect live fine fuel ignitability in wildland-urban interfaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 1-10.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Blackhall2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 920; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Blackhall2019-1; sampling february. Primary study Blackhall2019: Blackhall, M., & Raffaele, E. (2019). Flammability of Patagonian invaders and natives: When exotic plant species affect live fine fuel ignitability in wildland-urban interfaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 1-10.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Blackhall2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"heat released per mass (°C s/g): 1425","score":{"value":1425,"scale":"FLAMITS — heat released per mass (°C s/g)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 951; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Blackhall2019-1; sampling february. Primary study Blackhall2019: Blackhall, M., & Raffaele, E. (2019). Flammability of Patagonian invaders and natives: When exotic plant species affect live fine fuel ignitability in wildland-urban interfaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 1-10.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Blackhall2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 87.5","score":{"value":87.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1487; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 482.4","score":{"value":482.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1681; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1875; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 13.8","score":{"value":13.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2069; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35.86","score":{"value":35.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5438; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site Jolly2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Jolly2010: Jolly, M., McAllister, S., Finney, M., & Hadlow, A. (2010). Time to ignition is influenced by both moisture content and soluble carbohydrates in live Douglas fir and Lodgepole pine needles. VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Jolly2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 6026.08","score":{"value":6026.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5676; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5063.53","score":{"value":5063.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5677; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5147.12","score":{"value":5147.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5678; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18.65","score":{"value":18.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9126; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.62","score":{"value":22.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9127; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.72","score":{"value":22.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9128; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 23.53","score":{"value":23.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9129; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.57","score":{"value":25.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9130; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling september. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.18","score":{"value":27.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9131; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 31.08","score":{"value":31.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9132; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28.46","score":{"value":28.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9133; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling december. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28.25","score":{"value":28.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9134; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling march. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 30.21","score":{"value":30.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9135; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling april. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9136; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 32.01","score":{"value":32.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9137; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28.71","score":{"value":28.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9138; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 13.49","score":{"value":13.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9139; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-4; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3071","score":{"value":3071,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12403; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 7656","score":{"value":7656,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12404; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 358.04","score":{"value":358.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12405; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 470.22","score":{"value":470.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12406; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 707.13","score":{"value":707.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12407; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 947.01","score":{"value":947.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12408; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 533.09","score":{"value":533.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12409; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 185.63","score":{"value":185.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12410; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2399","score":{"value":2399,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12411; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 233.04","score":{"value":233.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12412; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 331.61","score":{"value":331.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12413; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 543.65","score":{"value":543.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12414; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 750.17","score":{"value":750.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12415; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 380.46","score":{"value":380.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12416; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 146.59","score":{"value":146.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12417; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2372","score":{"value":2372,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12418; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 8609","score":{"value":8609,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12419; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 179.01","score":{"value":179.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12420; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 440.92","score":{"value":440.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12421; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 650.21","score":{"value":650.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12422; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 344.38","score":{"value":344.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12423; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 136.62","score":{"value":136.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12424; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1652.81","score":{"value":1652.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13463; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1380.53","score":{"value":1380.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13464; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5073.09","score":{"value":5073.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13465; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4893.95","score":{"value":4893.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13466; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4910.67","score":{"value":4910.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13539; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4724.37","score":{"value":4724.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13540; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5053.98","score":{"value":5053.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13541; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4784.08","score":{"value":4784.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13542; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 124","score":{"value":124,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13564; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2017: Varner, J. M., Kuljian, H. G., & Kreye, J. K. (2017). Fires without tanoak: the effects of a non-native disease on future community flammability. Biological Invasions, 19, 2307-2317.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 16.6","score":{"value":16.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13569; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2017: Varner, J. M., Kuljian, H. G., & Kreye, J. K. (2017). Fires without tanoak: the effects of a non-native disease on future community flammability. Biological Invasions, 19, 2307-2317.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 321.3","score":{"value":321.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13574; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2017: Varner, J. M., Kuljian, H. G., & Kreye, J. K. (2017). Fires without tanoak: the effects of a non-native disease on future community flammability. Biological Invasions, 19, 2307-2317.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 29","score":{"value":29,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13579; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2017: Varner, J. M., Kuljian, H. G., & Kreye, J. K. (2017). Fires without tanoak: the effects of a non-native disease on future community flammability. Biological Invasions, 19, 2307-2317.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 188","score":{"value":188,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14134; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4275.34","score":{"value":4275.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14187; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4466.42","score":{"value":4466.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14276; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-2; sampling ND. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5030.09","score":{"value":5030.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14291; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-1; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5166.23","score":{"value":5166.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14294; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-2; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5106.52","score":{"value":5106.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14297; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-3; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5049.2","score":{"value":5049.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14300; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-4; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5225.94","score":{"value":5225.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14303; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-5; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4781.69","score":{"value":4781.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14306; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-1; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4920.22","score":{"value":4920.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14309; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-2; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4843.79","score":{"value":4843.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14312; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-3; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5027.7","score":{"value":5027.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14315; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-4; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4963.21","score":{"value":4963.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14318; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Williamson2002-5; sampling summer. Primary study Williamson2002: Williamson, N .M., & Agee, J. K. (2002). Heat content variation of interior Pacific Northwest conifer foliage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, 91-94.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Williamson2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.7","score":{"value":2.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16472; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.9","score":{"value":7.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16473; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.5","score":{"value":0.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16474; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.9","score":{"value":1.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16475; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 41.33","score":{"value":41.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17416; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 38.15","score":{"value":38.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17417; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40.15","score":{"value":40.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17418; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35.87","score":{"value":35.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17419; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35.68","score":{"value":35.68,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17420; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 33.6","score":{"value":33.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17421; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 36.79","score":{"value":36.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17422; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 34.11","score":{"value":34.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17423; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 34.62","score":{"value":34.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17424; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 33.53","score":{"value":33.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17425; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 31.74","score":{"value":31.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17426; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 32.35","score":{"value":32.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17427; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 33.96","score":{"value":33.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17428; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 34.36","score":{"value":34.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17429; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.29","score":{"value":27.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17430; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 37.37","score":{"value":37.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17431; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35.18","score":{"value":35.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17432; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 37.48","score":{"value":37.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17433; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 37.59","score":{"value":37.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17434; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 38.1","score":{"value":38.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17435; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 41.1","score":{"value":41.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17436; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 42.2","score":{"value":42.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17437; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 39.62","score":{"value":39.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17438; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 36.44","score":{"value":36.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17439; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40.13","score":{"value":40.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17440; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 42.14","score":{"value":42.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17441; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 33.78","score":{"value":33.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17442; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.94","score":{"value":6.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17443; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.55","score":{"value":6.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17444; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.86","score":{"value":7.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17445; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.76","score":{"value":8.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17446; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.46","score":{"value":11.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17447; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.78","score":{"value":8.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17448; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.28","score":{"value":10.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17449; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.79","score":{"value":9.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17450; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.9","score":{"value":9.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17451; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.41","score":{"value":10.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17452; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.62","score":{"value":9.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17453; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.53","score":{"value":8.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17454; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.94","score":{"value":8.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17455; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.96","score":{"value":6.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17456; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.16","score":{"value":7.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17457; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.56","score":{"value":8.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17458; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.37","score":{"value":8.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17459; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.48","score":{"value":7.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17460; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.79","score":{"value":8.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17461; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.8","score":{"value":7.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17462; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.4","score":{"value":10.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17463; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.91","score":{"value":8.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17464; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.42","score":{"value":10.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17465; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.43","score":{"value":8.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17466; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.14","score":{"value":9.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17467; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.16","score":{"value":8.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17468; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.16","score":{"value":9.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17469; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2012-1; sampling march to october. Primary study McAllister2012: McAllister, S., Grenfell, I., Hadlow, A., Jolly, W. M., Finney, M., & Cohen, J. (2012). Piloted ignition of live forest fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 51, 133–142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.05","score":{"value":27.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17470; Ignitability measurement; plant part stems; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.55","score":{"value":5.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17471; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"litter","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.95","score":{"value":1.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17472; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"litter","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.8","score":{"value":14.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17475; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.7","score":{"value":10.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17476; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17892; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17893; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17894; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 44","score":{"value":44,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17895; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 24","score":{"value":24,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17896; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17897; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 76","score":{"value":76,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17898; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17899; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 36","score":{"value":36,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17900; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 77","score":{"value":77,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17901; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 165","score":{"value":165,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17902; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 64","score":{"value":64,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17903; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 140","score":{"value":140,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17904; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 460","score":{"value":460,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17905; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 365","score":{"value":365,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17906; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.02","score":{"value":0.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17907; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.003","score":{"value":0.003,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17908; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.002","score":{"value":0.002,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17909; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.128","score":{"value":0.128,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17910; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07","score":{"value":0.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17911; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.48","score":{"value":0.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17912; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.443","score":{"value":0.443,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17913; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.333","score":{"value":0.333,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17914; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.15","score":{"value":0.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17915; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.24","score":{"value":1.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17916; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.98","score":{"value":1.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17917; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.83","score":{"value":0.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17918; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.98","score":{"value":0.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17919; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.34","score":{"value":1.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17920; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.69","score":{"value":1.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17921; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.56","score":{"value":1.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17922; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.34","score":{"value":1.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17923; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 2.38","score":{"value":2.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17924; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.7","score":{"value":1.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17925; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.97","score":{"value":1.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17926; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 3.4","score":{"value":3.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17927; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 1.9","score":{"value":1.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17928; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 3.58","score":{"value":3.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17929; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 5.58","score":{"value":5.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17930; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 4.23","score":{"value":4.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17931; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 10.3","score":{"value":10.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17932; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 9.88","score":{"value":9.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17933; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 57.5","score":{"value":57.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17934; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 55.7","score":{"value":55.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17935; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0105","score":{"value":0.0105,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17936; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0485","score":{"value":0.0485,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17937; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0239","score":{"value":0.0239,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17938; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0723","score":{"value":0.0723,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17939; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0513","score":{"value":0.0513,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17940; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0119","score":{"value":0.0119,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17941; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0329","score":{"value":0.0329,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17942; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.00167","score":{"value":0.00167,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17943; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0022","score":{"value":0.0022,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17944; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.0097","score":{"value":0.0097,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17945; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 0.00787","score":{"value":0.00787,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17946; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gross1962-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gross1962: Gross, D. (1962). Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. Journal of Research, 66c, 99-105.","original":"Gross1962","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5242.667439","score":{"value":5242.667439,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17977; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5132.798327","score":{"value":5132.798327,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17980; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 850.2913933","score":{"value":850.2913933,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17983; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 952.995129","score":{"value":952.995129,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17986; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3353.396394","score":{"value":3353.396394,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17989; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3155.154299","score":{"value":3155.154299,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17992; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Susott1980-1; sampling winter. Primary study Susott1980: Susott  R. A. (1980). Thermal  behavior  of  conifer needle  extractives. Forest Science, 26, 347-360","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Susott1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0926","score":{"value":0.0926,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18250; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-2; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0609","score":{"value":0.0609,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18251; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-2; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 12.2","score":{"value":12.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19954; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Leventon2023-2; sampling may and july 2017. Primary study Leventon2023: Leventon, I. T., Yang, J., & Bruns, M. C. (2023). Thermal decomposition of vegetative fuels and the impact of measured variations on simulations of wildfire spread. Fire Safety Journal, 137, 103762.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Leventon2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Fire-Prone Plants","claims":"Listed as Douglas Fir — Pseudotsuga menziesii. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","CA","CO","DC","DE","ID","MD","MN","MT","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","TX","UT","WA","WV","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 70 — Subarctic America","TDWG level 3 ASK — Alaska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARI — Arizona"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 COL — Colorado"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IDA — Idaho"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MNT — Montana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NM"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWM — New Mexico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 UTA — Utah"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WYO — Wyoming"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","CA","CO","DC","DE","ID","MD","MN","MT","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","TX","UT","WA","WV","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pseudotsuga-menziesii","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Pseudotsuga menziesii","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PSME","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15595, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Pseudotsuga menziesii","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PSME","sourceTaxon":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15595, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"ashland-prohibited","sourceName":"Prohibited Flammable Plants (Ashland Municipal Code 9.04)","sourceUrl":"https://ashlandoregon.gov/323/Prohibited-Flammable-Plants","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["City of Ashland"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"This is a City of Ashland adoption fact, not statewide Oregon guidance or an experimental flammability result. FireApproved publishes 24 taxonomy-safe owners as city-level regulatory context. It applies to new planting and propagation within 30 feet of structures, including structures on adjacent lots; it is not projected as a blanket removal order for every established listed plant.","sourceVersion":"Ashland-Prohibited-Flammable-Plants-2025","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"white-etal-2002-cone-update","verdict":"mixed","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/8596.pdf","claims":"Table 4 reports 128% foliage moisture, green-sample PHRR 188 kW/m2, and dry-sample EHOC 17.9 MJ/kg.","evidenceIndex":3}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","ID","MT","NM","NV","OR","TX","UT","WA","WY"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}