{"id":"prunus-lauracerasus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Prunus lauracerasus","commonNames":["Cherry-laurel"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Prunus laurocerasus","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PRLA5","gbifKey":3021496,"itisTsn":24786,"wikidataQid":"Q157508","inatTaxonId":61432},"usdaZoneMin":"6a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10014","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Prunus laurocerasus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dwp), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PRLA5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"prunus-lauracerasus","sourceTaxon":"Prunus lauracerasus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":5,"sun":"part","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/prunus-lauracerasus.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/19863209","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13518672","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Erin Lalime, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"AT RISK Firewise (3)","claims":"Spreading shrub found commonly in southern landscapes.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Fruit and leaves may be mildly poisonous.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low flammability","claims":"Low flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-resistant","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","condition":"irrigated","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ganteaume-2013-provence-ornamental-hedges","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Moderately flammable cluster; live-leaf Valette rating 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Live leaves were tested by epiradiator for ignition frequency, time to ignition, and flaming duration.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2013","url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00941751/document","documentDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Prunus laurocerasus is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 91.7","score":{"value":91.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1482; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 525.5","score":{"value":525.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1676; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 20.3","score":{"value":20.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1870; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 43.8","score":{"value":43.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2064; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 153","score":{"value":153,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3612; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3619; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 41.5","score":{"value":41.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3626; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.43","score":{"value":17.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3634; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.92","score":{"value":4.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3642; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 49","score":{"value":49,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3650; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 153.39","score":{"value":153.39,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3663; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 75.33","score":{"value":75.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3678; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 41.5","score":{"value":41.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3693; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame propagation: 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame propagation"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3708; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.43","score":{"value":17.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3723; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.92","score":{"value":4.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3738; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 49","score":{"value":49,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3753; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"prunus-lauracerasus","sourceTaxon":"Prunus lauracerasus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"prunus-lauracerasus","sourceTaxon":"Prunus lauracerasus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10014","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Prunus laurocerasus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dwp), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PRLA5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"ganteaume-2013-provence-ornamental-hedges","verdict":"mixed","url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00941751/document","claims":"Live leaves were tested by epiradiator for ignition frequency, time to ignition, and flaming duration.","evidenceIndex":4}]},{"condition":"irrigated","evidence":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","evidenceIndex":3}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}