{"id":"populus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Populus sp.","commonNames":["Poplar"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Populus","family":"Salicaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"POPUL","gbifKey":3040183,"itisTsn":22444,"wikidataQid":"Q25356","inatTaxonId":47566},"regions":["British Columbia, Canada","EE. UU.","Tasmania, Australia"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/populus.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/440670798","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246803614","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Jared Shorma, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"tfs-fire-resisting","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High Flammability","sourcePlacement":{"value":"remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone","scheme":"tfs-bpz"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/mysite/publications/1709%20Brochure.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","claims":"Flagged by FireSmart BC as needing more research.","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed by at least two cited sources","claims":"Compilation marks: UCFPL 1997, UI Bulletin 67, MT200101AG, OSU FRN 6, USU NR/FF/002.","edition":"SP-05-16 (2005)","url":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as a firewise plant for Utah landscapes","claims":"Source says the plant can be firewise when properly used and maintained. Source table name: Populus—other species.","edition":"2005 revision","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","documentDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","claims":"Listed among fire-resistant plant species adapted to Montana.","edition":"Current as of 4/22","url":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","documentDate":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"king-county-puget-sound-2011","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-resistant Landscape Plants","claims":"Listed in the source's Trees table as Populus spp. (Cottonwood, aspen).","edition":"2011","url":"https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/water-and-land/forestry/forestfire/FirewisePlantsPugetSoundBasin-2011.pdf","documentDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Populus spp. (Aspen, cottonwoods, poplar).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plant Materials for Oregon","claims":"Populus species (Aspen/cottonwoods) is listed under “Trees—deciduous”. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Oregon","scheme":"osu-frn6-oregon-regions"},"edition":"Forest Resource Note No. 6","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","documentDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"macalister-2025-sajb-cape-town","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Partially burned","claims":"Official-workbook means across 50 leaf trials: fresh ignition 2.065 s, fresh sustainability 16.178 s, dry ignition 1.285 s, dry sustainability 11.312 s, and combustibility 13.345 mg DW s-1. Published Table 1 observation for the 2021 fire: Partially burned.","plantPart":"leaf","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Urban zone; Table 1 and deposited raw workbook","scheme":"macalister-2025-leaf-flammability"},"edition":"South African Journal of Botany 184:1163-1173","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629925004168","documentDate":"2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMMENDED by 3 references for use in high fire risk areas.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Populus spp. (Aspen/cottonwood/ poplar). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: F3.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17799; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 21","score":{"value":21,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17800; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17801; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 19","score":{"value":19,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17802; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17803; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17804; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 19","score":{"value":19,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17805; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 19","score":{"value":19,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17806; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17807; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 11","score":{"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17808; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 9","score":{"value":9,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17809; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device outdoor wind tunnel; site Catchpole1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Catchpole1998: Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., & Latham, D. J. (1998) Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combustion Science and Technology, 131, 1–37.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Catchpole1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fremont-county-wy-firewise-list","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fremont County Firewise Plant List — Populus sp. — Narrowleaf Cottonwood","claims":"Listed in the source's Large Shrubs and Trees section; the page describes its listed Firewise plants as generally low-growing, low-debris, and relatively moist.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"web page (server last-modified 2011-02-25)","url":"http://www.fremontcountyfirewise.com/WyomingFirewisePlantList.htm","documentDate":"2011-02-25T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plants","claims":"Listed as Co onwood — Populus sp.. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"LESS Flammable Plants with some fire resistance","claims":"Listed as Cottonwood. The source says highly flammable plants ignite faster and burn readily; less flammable plants have some fire resistance.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"TREES","scheme":"SCFC Fire Smart plant-form sections"},"edition":"2005 brochure","url":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"greece-property-fire-regulation-2023","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"παθητικά πυρίμαχα φυτά τα οποία είναι ανθεκτικά στη φωτιά — Λεύκα","claims":"The regulation names this plant group among its examples of passive fire-resistant plants that are resistant to fire.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"section 5.4.2, paragraph following Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-fire-resistant-examples"},"edition":"FEK B 3475/2023","url":"https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023","documentDate":"2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"fremont-county-wy-firewise-list","sourceName":"Fremont County Firewise Plant List","sourceUrl":"http://www.fremontcountyfirewise.com/WyomingFirewisePlantList.htm","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["Fremont County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The source identifies itself as the Fremont County Firewise Plant List. FireApproved publishes its 92 exact source owners as Fremont County regional context. No methodology, current county endorsement, statewide Wyoming scope, or site-specific suitability is inferred.","sourceVersion":"Fremont-County-Firewise-Plant-List-2011-02-25","asOf":"2011-02-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"king-county-puget-sound-2011","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for the Puget Sound Basin","sourceUrl":"https://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/water-and-land/forestry/forestfire/FirewisePlantsPugetSoundBasin-2011.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["Puget Sound Basin"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"King County's current wildfire page links this list for the Puget Sound Basin. FireApproved publishes 82 exact source owners as basin context, not statewide Washington guidance or a site-specific recommendation.","sourceVersion":"King-County-Puget-Sound-Basin-2011","asOf":"2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Montana Landscapes (MontGuide MT200101AG)","sourceUrl":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The April 2022 MontGuide explicitly presents fire-resistant species adapted to Montana. FireApproved publishes 92 exact plant records from the source while retaining excluded genus, family, and unresolved rows; the guide itself says not every listed species grows in every part of the state.","sourceVersion":"MT200101AG-current-2022-04","asOf":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","sourceName":"Landscaping Can Be Attractive & FIREWISE (Fire Smart Plant List for SC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"South Carolina Forestry Commission publishes this explicitly as its Fire Smart Plant List for South Carolina. FireApproved publishes 63 exact genus owners from 72 unique common-name labels; unsafe common-name mappings and duplicates are not broadened. The brochure calls the list non-inclusive and does not establish species-level or site-specific suitability.","sourceVersion":"SCFC-Fire-Smart-Plant-List-2005"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","sourceName":"A Compilation of Good Plant Choices for Nevada's High Fire Hazard Areas (SP-05-16)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Nevada Cooperative Extension compiled plants suited to Nevada climate zones and reported favorably by at least two upstream firewise lists. FireApproved publishes 126 exact source owners at Nevada publication scope. The source explicitly makes no independent flammability determination, so these rows remain corroborative.","sourceVersion":"UNR-Extension-SP-05-16-2005","asOf":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Utah State University Extension states that this fact sheet selects examples for Utah landscapes and that they require proper placement and maintenance. FireApproved publishes 83 exact source owners at Utah publication scope. The table is not a site-specific planting clearance.","sourceVersion":"USU-NR-FF-002-2005-02","asOf":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","claims":"Populus species (Aspen/cottonwoods) is listed under “Trees—deciduous”. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","evidenceIndex":7}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}