{"id":"podocarpus-cunninghamii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Podocarpus cunninghamii","commonNames":["Podocarpus cunninghamii"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Podocarpus cunninghamii","family":"Podocarpaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":5286002},"regions":["New Zealand"],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1473; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 487.8","score":{"value":487.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1667; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.9","score":{"value":16.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1861; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 13.8","score":{"value":13.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2055; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 135.75","score":{"value":135.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8485; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-5; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 267.63","score":{"value":267.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8700; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-5; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 19.7","score":{"value":19.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8915; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-5; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.5","score":{"value":8.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16109; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling autum 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.97","score":{"value":9.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16110; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling winter 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.97","score":{"value":9.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16111; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.52","score":{"value":7.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16112; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling summer 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 368.82","score":{"value":368.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16149; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling autum 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 176.47","score":{"value":176.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16150; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling winter 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 178.23","score":{"value":178.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16151; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 340.58","score":{"value":340.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16152; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling summer 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 5.23","score":{"value":5.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16189; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling autum 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16190; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling winter 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16191; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 8.32","score":{"value":8.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16192; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling summer 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 7.48","score":{"value":7.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16229; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling autum 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 0.2","score":{"value":0.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16230; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling winter 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 0.46","score":{"value":0.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16231; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 9.3","score":{"value":9.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16232; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1; sampling summer 2019. Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sultana2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}