{"id":"pittosporum-tobira","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pittosporum tobira","commonNames":["Japanese pittosporum"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pittosporum tobira","family":"Pittosporaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PITO2","gbifKey":8677924,"itisTsn":24067,"wikidataQid":"Q161375","inatTaxonId":78592},"usdaZoneMin":"7a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["CA","DC","DE","FL","GA","MD","NC","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae9862","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pittosporum tobira","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021drv), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PITO2"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pittosporum-tobira","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PITO2","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 88584, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":3,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pittosporum-tobira.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/331911713","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/189463343","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Katrin Simon, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Waxy thick foliage.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"long-2006-srs","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low flammability (whole-plant burns, NIST BFRL)","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2006","url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_long004.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (hedges, garden column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-resistant","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","condition":"irrigated","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ganteaume-2013-provence-ornamental-hedges","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Poorly flammable cluster; considered fire-wise","score":{"value":0,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Live leaves were tested by epiradiator for ignition frequency, time to ignition, and flaming duration.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2013","url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00941751/document","documentDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Pittosporum tobira is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"tadaki-kira-fire-classification","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"中","score":{"value":2,"scale":"tadaki-kira-fire-protection-power-0-3"},"claims":"Table 10-2 prints トベラ in the medium fire-protection-power class. The Kagoshima reproduction says highly fire-protective trees can slow spread, promote upward dispersal of heat and smoke, and intercept flying embers.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"トベラ — Table 10-2","scheme":"tadaki-kira-1982-fire-protection-power"},"edition":"Hito to Shinrin (1982), Table 10-2; Kagoshima web reproduction","url":"https://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ah12/kurashi-kankyo/sumai/kankyo/hoshin3/theme10/273.html","documentDate":"1982-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMMENDED by 5 references for use in high fire risk areas.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Pittosporum tobira (Mock orange, Wheeler's mock orange). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: F5.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 117","score":{"value":117,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3611; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 55","score":{"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3618; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3625; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Ganteaume2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2012: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., & Lampin, C. (2012). Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France). International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22, 333.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ganteaume2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 29.56","score":{"value":29.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3633; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.96","score":{"value":8.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3641; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3649; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2013-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2013: Ganteaume, A., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Guijarro, M., & Hernando, C. (2013). Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France: laboratory assessment at particle level. Environmental Management, 52, 467-80.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 116.85","score":{"value":116.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3662; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 55","score":{"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3677; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3692; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame propagation: 2.54","score":{"value":2.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame propagation"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3707; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 29.57","score":{"value":29.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3722; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.96","score":{"value":8.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3737; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3752; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.17","score":{"value":8.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5561; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 571.6","score":{"value":571.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5569; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 398.2","score":{"value":398.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5577; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 41.13","score":{"value":41.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5585; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 50.3","score":{"value":50.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5593; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","DC","DE","FL","GA","MD","NC","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","DC","DE","FL","GA","MD","NC","NJ","OH","PA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"7a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pittosporum-tobira","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PITO2","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 88584, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PITO2","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 88584, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pittosporum-tobira","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PITO2","sourceTaxon":"Pittosporum tobira","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 88584, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae9862","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pittosporum tobira","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021drv), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PITO2"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"ganteaume-2013-provence-ornamental-hedges","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00941751/document","claims":"Live leaves were tested by epiradiator for ignition frequency, time to ignition, and flaming duration.","evidenceIndex":4}]},{"condition":"irrigated","evidence":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","evidenceIndex":3}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}],"usdaZoneMin":"7b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}