{"id":"pinus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus sp.","commonNames":["Pine"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Pinus","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PINUS","gbifKey":2684241,"itisTsn":18035,"wikidataQid":"Q12024","inatTaxonId":47561},"states":["AZ"],"plantForm":"shrub","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pinus.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/54643191","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34699810","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"ashland-prohibited","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"prohibited flammable plant","claims":"The City of Ashland restricts new planting or propagation within 30 ft of any structure, including structures on adjacent lots (AMC 9.04). Dwarf or prostrate varieties require Fire and Rescue approval, placement beyond 5 ft, and ordinance-compliant tree or shrub spacing.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"new planting or propagation restricted within 30 ft of any structure","scheme":"ashland-amc"},"edition":"2025","url":"https://ashlandoregon.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3796/PLANT_LIST_PROHIBITED_BW_2025","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"named among the most flammable species","claims":"Named in the guide's flammable-species warning: pinos — high resin and oil content.","claimOriginal":"las especies más inflamables","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"uk-forfs","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"can be highly flammable","claims":"The factsheet names “any pine”; this row is reconciled to the exact GBIF genus identity.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"should not be planted near the home","scheme":"uk-forfs-home"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://forestry.mgcafe.uky.edu/files/forfs17-01_save_your_home_from_wildfire.pdf","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-prone","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among common fire-prone plants in Marin County.","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"okstate-grow-firewise-plantings-2022","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"contain oils and resins that are highly flammable","claims":"The source says not to plant these taxa near a home or other structure.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"do not plant near a home or other structure","scheme":"okstate-near-structures"},"edition":"Grow column 2022-08-28","url":"https://extension.okstate.edu/programs/gardening/grow-gardening-columns/grow-columns-2022/august-28-2022-firewise-planting","documentDate":"2022-08-28T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"utah-ffsl-firewise-landscaping","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Do not plant these species in your firewise landscape, especially in Zone 2, or use them sparingly.","claims":"The source identifies pine among common tree pyrophytes in Utah landscapes.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"PLANTS TO AVOID (PDF page 15)","scheme":"ffsl-2007-section"},"edition":"August 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230319012342/https://ffsl.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/FirewiseLandscaping07.pdf","documentDate":"2007-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 92","score":{"value":92,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10670; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 89","score":{"value":89,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10671; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 19","score":{"value":19,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10672; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 36","score":{"value":36,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10673; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10674; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10675; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke release rate (m²/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke release rate (m²/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10676; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke release rate (m²/s): 0.08","score":{"value":0.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke release rate (m²/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10677; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke release rate (m²/s): 0.07","score":{"value":0.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke release rate (m²/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10678; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.24","score":{"value":0.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10679; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.19","score":{"value":0.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10680; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 4.74","score":{"value":4.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10681; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Polka2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Polka2018: Pólka, M. (2018). Analysis of the heat and smoke release rate of selected undergrowth types. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang, Indonesia.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Polka2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 409.53","score":{"value":409.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19541; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 411.29","score":{"value":411.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19542; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 378.27","score":{"value":378.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19550; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 384.7","score":{"value":384.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19551; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2674.47714","score":{"value":2674.47714,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19559; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2695.98768","score":{"value":2695.98768,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19560; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3346.084","score":{"value":3346.084,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19568; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3087.95752","score":{"value":3087.95752,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19569; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Renner2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Renner2023: Renner, J. S., Mensah, R. A., Jiang, L., & Xu, Q. (2023). A critical assessment of the fire properties of different wood species and bark from small-and bench-scale fire experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148, 1423-1434.","original":"Renner2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 386.1","score":{"value":386.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19860; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 374.3","score":{"value":374.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19861; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 478.1","score":{"value":478.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19862; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 468.1","score":{"value":468.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19863; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 836.52","score":{"value":836.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19864; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 812.62","score":{"value":812.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19865; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1792.54","score":{"value":1792.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19866; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1768.64","score":{"value":1768.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19867; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2373.327","score":{"value":2373.327,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19868; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2311.185","score":{"value":2311.185,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19869; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Deng2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Deng2023: Deng, J., Liu, T. S., Yao, M., Yi, X., Bai, G. X., Huang, Q. R., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the combustion and kinetic characteristics of fresh and naturally aged pine wood. Fuel, 343, 127962.","original":"Deng2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Fire-Prone Plants","claims":"Listed as Pine — Pinus sp.. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"HIGHLY Flammable Plants (Plants that will ignite faster and burn readily)","claims":"Listed as Pines. The source says highly flammable plants ignite faster and burn readily; less flammable plants have some fire resistance.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"TREES","scheme":"SCFC Fire Smart plant-form sections"},"edition":"2005 brochure","url":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ak-dof-fire-resistant-vegetation-2005","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Characteristics of plants that ignite and burn readily","claims":"Named as a resinous plant example: pine — Pinus.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Characteristics of plants that ignite and burn readily","scheme":"Alaska DNR brochure sections"},"edition":"April 2005","url":"https://forestry.alaska.gov/Assets/pdfs/community/publications/05FireResistVeg.pdf","documentDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"very high","claims":"The table rates Pine — Pinus species very high for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Avoid if Possible","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"},"edition":"updated January 14, 2015","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sdsu-protecting-home-landscape","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Common flammable trees include junipers, pines, firs and spruces.","claims":"The page names pines among common flammable trees and discourages conifers in the immediate and intermediate zones.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Intermediate Zone","scheme":"Home Ignition Zone"},"edition":"updated April 8, 2026","url":"https://extension.sdstate.edu/protecting-your-home-and-landscape-against-wildfires","documentDate":"2026-04-08T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"gencat-franges-perimetrals","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Cal eliminar prioritàriament les espècies més inflamables. — Pins — Pinus sp.","claims":"The guide says to remove this printed taxon first among the more-flammable species when opening and maintaining perimeter protection strips.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"page 4 species-selection panel","scheme":"catalonia-perimeter-strip-maintain-remove"},"edition":"2025 web edition","url":"https://www.diba.cat/documents/d/incendis/diba_franges_web","documentDate":"2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"isees-2021-judean-hills","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"עצי האורן — יש לשאוף להקטנת נוכחותם ברצועות קו החיץ","claims":"The authors recommend reducing pine presence in forest fire-buffer strips and interrupting the continuity of tall, dense pine forests.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"recommendations, planning and design of forests to reduce fire risk","scheme":"judean-hills-2021-buffer-and-continuity"},"edition":"Ecology and Environment 12(4)","url":"https://magazine.isees.org.il/?p=38821","documentDate":"2022-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"ak-dof-fire-resistant-vegetation-2005","sourceName":"Protect Your Home from Wildfire — Fire Resistant Vegetation and Landscaping","sourceUrl":"https://forestry.alaska.gov/Assets/pdfs/community/publications/05FireResistVeg.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Alaska Division of Forestry opens with the wildfire threat to Alaskans and publishes Alaska firewise-landscape examples. FireApproved publishes 58 exact source owners from its 60 taxon entries and holds the taxon-free fern label. State publication scope does not establish suitability for every Alaska climate, site, or home-ignition-zone placement.","sourceVersion":"Alaska-DOF-Fire-Resistant-Vegetation-2005-04-27","asOf":"2005-04-27T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ashland-prohibited","sourceName":"Prohibited Flammable Plants (Ashland Municipal Code 9.04)","sourceUrl":"https://ashlandoregon.gov/323/Prohibited-Flammable-Plants","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["City of Ashland"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"This is a City of Ashland adoption fact, not statewide Oregon guidance or an experimental flammability result. FireApproved publishes 24 taxonomy-safe owners as city-level regulatory context. It applies to new planting and propagation within 30 feet of structures, including structures on adjacent lots; it is not projected as a blanket removal order for every established listed plant.","sourceVersion":"Ashland-Prohibited-Flammable-Plants-2025","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"okstate-grow-firewise-plantings-2022","sourceName":"Firewise Plantings Can Help Protect Property","sourceUrl":"https://extension.okstate.edu/programs/gardening/grow-gardening-columns/grow-columns-2022/august-28-2022-firewise-planting","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Oklahoma State University Extension frames the article around statewide Oklahoma heat, drought, wildfire, and plant selection and publishes five unambiguous genus owners. Ambiguous common names remain excluded, and the prose examples do not establish suitability for every Oklahoma site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Grow-Firewise-2022-08-28","asOf":"2022-08-28T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"scfc-fire-smart-plant-list","sourceName":"Landscaping Can Be Attractive & FIREWISE (Fire Smart Plant List for SC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.scfc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ignition-resistant-landscaping-plant-list.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"South Carolina Forestry Commission publishes this explicitly as its Fire Smart Plant List for South Carolina. FireApproved publishes 63 exact genus owners from 72 unique common-name labels; unsafe common-name mappings and duplicates are not broadened. The brochure calls the list non-inclusive and does not establish species-level or site-specific suitability.","sourceVersion":"SCFC-Fire-Smart-Plant-List-2005"},{"source":"sdsu-protecting-home-landscape","sourceName":"Protecting Your Home and Landscape Against Wildfires","sourceUrl":"https://extension.sdstate.edu/protecting-your-home-and-landscape-against-wildfires","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["SD"],"regions":["Western South Dakota","Black Hills"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The current SDSU Extension page explicitly addresses western South Dakota, particularly the Black Hills. FireApproved publishes its four exact genus owners. This is current bounded regional context, not statewide South Dakota coverage or a finding that every member of a genus behaves alike.","sourceVersion":"SDSU-Extension-web-2026-04-08","asOf":"2026-04-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Guide","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Sun City Texas, Georgetown"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The guide is authored for the Sun City Texas community in Georgetown. FireApproved publishes 142 exact owners only as community-level context. It is an archived HOA exhibit with unknown rating lineage, not a current statewide Texas source or an independent Tier 1 determination.","sourceVersion":"Sun-City-Texas-Firewise-guide-2015-01-14","asOf":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"uk-forfs","sourceName":"Save Your Home from Wildfire (ForFS 17-01)","sourceUrl":"https://forestry.mgcafe.uky.edu/files/forfs17-01_save_your_home_from_wildfire.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension and the Kentucky Division of Forestry publish this small-woodland guidance for Kentuckians. FireApproved exposes its 13 exact species or genus owners while retaining the prose-example grain. It is not a scored or comprehensive state table.","sourceVersion":"UK-KDF-FORFS-17-01-2017-01","asOf":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}