{"id":"pinus-resinosa","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus resinosa","commonNames":["Red pine"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus resinosa","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIRE","gbifKey":5285067,"itisTsn":183375,"wikidataQid":"Q2045958","inatTaxonId":52383},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["CT","DC","DE","IL","IN","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","VA","VT","WI","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — Minnesota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-resinosa","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRE","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15551, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":40,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"low","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pinus-resinosa.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/464914892","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259041917","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Tom Norton, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Needles break when bent-3-4 inch needles in bundles of 2.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 242","score":{"value":242,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14100; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 309","score":{"value":309,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14101; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 74.9","score":{"value":74.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14111; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 47.9","score":{"value":47.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14112; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1600","score":{"value":1600,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14122; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1504","score":{"value":1504,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14123; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15725; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-20; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 140.2","score":{"value":140.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15726; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-20; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 476.2","score":{"value":476.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15727; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-20; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.4","score":{"value":88.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15728; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-20; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.137","score":{"value":0.137,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17188; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.153","score":{"value":0.153,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17189; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.178","score":{"value":0.178,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17190; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.183","score":{"value":0.183,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17191; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.193","score":{"value":0.193,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17192; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.193","score":{"value":0.193,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17193; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.224","score":{"value":0.224,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17194; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.228","score":{"value":0.228,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17195; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.234","score":{"value":0.234,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17196; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.249","score":{"value":0.249,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17197; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.259","score":{"value":0.259,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17198; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.274","score":{"value":0.274,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17199; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.274","score":{"value":0.274,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17200; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.295","score":{"value":0.295,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17201; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.32","score":{"value":0.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17202; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.346","score":{"value":0.346,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17203; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.361","score":{"value":0.361,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17204; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.381","score":{"value":0.381,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17205; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.437","score":{"value":0.437,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17206; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.49","score":{"value":0.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17207; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.554","score":{"value":0.554,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17208; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.59","score":{"value":0.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17209; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 730","score":{"value":730,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17210; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17211; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 650","score":{"value":650,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17212; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17213; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17214; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 820","score":{"value":820,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17215; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17216; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17217; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 820","score":{"value":820,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17218; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 900","score":{"value":900,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17219; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 820","score":{"value":820,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17220; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 620","score":{"value":620,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17221; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17222; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 840","score":{"value":840,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17223; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 900","score":{"value":900,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17224; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 840","score":{"value":840,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17225; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 700","score":{"value":700,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17226; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 820","score":{"value":820,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17227; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 870","score":{"value":870,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17228; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 820","score":{"value":820,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17229; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 800","score":{"value":800,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17230; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 13","score":{"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17231; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 13","score":{"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17232; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 13","score":{"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17233; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17234; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17235; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17236; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17237; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17238; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17239; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17240; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17241; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17242; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17243; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17244; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17245; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17246; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17247; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17248; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17249; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17250; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17251; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17252; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17253; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17254; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17255; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17256; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17257; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17258; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17259; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.326","score":{"value":0.326,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17260; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.393","score":{"value":0.393,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17261; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.425","score":{"value":0.425,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17262; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.598","score":{"value":0.598,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17263; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.884","score":{"value":0.884,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17264; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 1.16","score":{"value":1.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17265; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 2.2","score":{"value":2.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17266; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 4.06","score":{"value":4.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17267; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site VanWagner1967-1; sampling ND. Primary study VanWagner1967: Van Wagner, C.E. (1967). Fire behavior mechanism in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Munich, Germany.","plantPart":"bark","original":"VanWagner1967","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CT","DC","DE","IL","IN","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","VA","VT","WI","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — Minnesota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT","DC","DE","IL","IN","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","VA","VT","WI","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-resinosa","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRE","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15551, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRE","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15551, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-resinosa","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRE","sourceTaxon":"Pinus resinosa","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15551, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CT","IL","MA","ME","MI","MN","NH","NJ","NY","PA","VT","WI","WV"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"2b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}