{"id":"pinus-palustris","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus palustris","commonNames":["Long leaf pine"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus palustris","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIPA2","gbifKey":5285816,"itisTsn":18038,"wikidataQid":"Q148542","inatTaxonId":81901},"usdaZoneMin":"8a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","LA","MD","MS","NC","NJ","OH","PA","SC","TX","VA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-palustris","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIPA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15522, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":50,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pinus-palustris.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/119146722","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/73012686","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Primarily a lumber tree-12 inch needles in bundles of 3.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ4","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"bardon-2005","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability rating","edition":"2005","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Native plant.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","original":"bardon-2005","edition":"2025","url":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Pinus palustris\" under the high flammability tag.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"pinus-palustris","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"original":"bardon-2005","edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pinus-palustris/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1459; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 595.3","score":{"value":595.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1653; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 127.8","score":{"value":127.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1847; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 23.8","score":{"value":23.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2041; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 59","score":{"value":59,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3212; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Emery2020-1; sampling january to february. Primary study Emery2020: Emery, R. K., & Hart, J. L. (2020). Flammability characteristics of surface fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodland. Fire, 3, 39.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Emery2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3213; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Emery2020-1; sampling january to february. Primary study Emery2020: Emery, R. K., & Hart, J. L. (2020). Flammability characteristics of surface fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodland. Fire, 3, 39.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Emery2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 80.8","score":{"value":80.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3214; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Emery2020-1; sampling january to february. Primary study Emery2020: Emery, R. K., & Hart, J. L. (2020). Flammability characteristics of surface fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodland. Fire, 3, 39.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Emery2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3215; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Emery2020-1; sampling january to february. Primary study Emery2020: Emery, R. K., & Hart, J. L. (2020). Flammability characteristics of surface fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodland. Fire, 3, 39.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Emery2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 82.3","score":{"value":82.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3352; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 87.7","score":{"value":87.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3353; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 228.6","score":{"value":228.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3354; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 91.9","score":{"value":91.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3355; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06","score":{"value":0.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3356; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 77","score":{"value":77,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3357; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 87.1","score":{"value":87.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3404; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 208","score":{"value":208,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3405; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 2958","score":{"value":2958,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3406; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 3166","score":{"value":3166,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3407; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 93.8","score":{"value":93.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3408; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.02","score":{"value":0.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3409; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-3; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 63","score":{"value":63,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5723; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 43","score":{"value":43,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5724; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 39","score":{"value":39,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5725; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5726; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5727; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5728; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5729; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 145","score":{"value":145,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5730; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 68","score":{"value":68,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5731; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5732; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 47","score":{"value":47,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5733; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5734; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 33","score":{"value":33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5735; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5736; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5737; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 93","score":{"value":93,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5738; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 105","score":{"value":105,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5739; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 123","score":{"value":123,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5740; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 111","score":{"value":111,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5741; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5742; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 94.8","score":{"value":94.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5743; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 84","score":{"value":84,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5744; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 154.2","score":{"value":154.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5745; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 204","score":{"value":204,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5746; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 202.8","score":{"value":202.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5747; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 220.8","score":{"value":220.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5748; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 169.8","score":{"value":169.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5749; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 118.2","score":{"value":118.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5750; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 142.8","score":{"value":142.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5751; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 61.8","score":{"value":61.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5752; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5753; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 67.2","score":{"value":67.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5754; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 31.8","score":{"value":31.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5755; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 10.2","score":{"value":10.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5756; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 10.2","score":{"value":10.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5757; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 358.2","score":{"value":358.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5758; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 204","score":{"value":204,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5759; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 199.2","score":{"value":199.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5760; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 49.2","score":{"value":49.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5761; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 430.8","score":{"value":430.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5762; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 31.8","score":{"value":31.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5763; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 36","score":{"value":36,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5764; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 89","score":{"value":89,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5765; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 83","score":{"value":83,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5766; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 66","score":{"value":66,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5767; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 49","score":{"value":49,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5768; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5769; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5770; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5771; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94","score":{"value":94,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5772; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86","score":{"value":86,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5773; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 79","score":{"value":79,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5774; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 70","score":{"value":70,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5775; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 64","score":{"value":64,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5776; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5777; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5778; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 72","score":{"value":72,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5835; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 33","score":{"value":33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5836; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 55","score":{"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5837; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5838; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5839; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5840; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5841; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 135","score":{"value":135,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5842; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 77","score":{"value":77,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5843; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 61","score":{"value":61,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5844; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 54","score":{"value":54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5845; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 58","score":{"value":58,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5846; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5847; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 24","score":{"value":24,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5848; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.97","score":{"value":0.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5849; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.77","score":{"value":1.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5850; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.38","score":{"value":1.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5851; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.45","score":{"value":1.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5852; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.2","score":{"value":1.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5853; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.37","score":{"value":1.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5854; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2.33","score":{"value":2.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5855; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.23","score":{"value":1.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5856; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5857; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 3.7","score":{"value":3.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5858; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2.63","score":{"value":2.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5859; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 3.4","score":{"value":3.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5860; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2.3","score":{"value":2.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5861; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2.65","score":{"value":2.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5862; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 2.35","score":{"value":2.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5863; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 1.3","score":{"value":1.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5864; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 1.68","score":{"value":1.68,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5865; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.83","score":{"value":0.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5866; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.58","score":{"value":0.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5867; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.25","score":{"value":0.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5868; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.62","score":{"value":0.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5869; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 7.58","score":{"value":7.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5870; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 2.35","score":{"value":2.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5871; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5872; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 2.33","score":{"value":2.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5873; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.58","score":{"value":0.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5874; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 1.08","score":{"value":1.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5875; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5876; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 91","score":{"value":91,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5877; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 77","score":{"value":77,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5878; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 78","score":{"value":78,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5879; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 41","score":{"value":41,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5880; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5881; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5882; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5883; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94","score":{"value":94,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5884; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86","score":{"value":86,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5885; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 79","score":{"value":79,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5886; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 70","score":{"value":70,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5887; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 64","score":{"value":64,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5888; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5889; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5890; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-1; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 86.8","score":{"value":86.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13638; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 57","score":{"value":57,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13639; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 273.7","score":{"value":273.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13640; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.4","score":{"value":92.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13641; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame intensity (kW/m): 415","score":{"value":415,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13642; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 330.7","score":{"value":330.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15760; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-12; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.4","score":{"value":4.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16464; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16465; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.5","score":{"value":0.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16466; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16467; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 2.8","score":{"value":2.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16785; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 55.8","score":{"value":55.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16786; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 104.4","score":{"value":104.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16787; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 105.6","score":{"value":105.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16788; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 2.9","score":{"value":2.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16789; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 43.2","score":{"value":43.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16790; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 99.6","score":{"value":99.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16791; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 110.4","score":{"value":110.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16792; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 4.2","score":{"value":4.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16793; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 34.8","score":{"value":34.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16794; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 79.8","score":{"value":79.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16795; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 130.2","score":{"value":130.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16796; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device scale wind tunnel; site Ziazi2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Ziazi2022: Ziazi, R., Singh, A., Said, A. O., Gong, W., Schardong, B., Patterson, M., ... Simeoni, A. (2022). Experimental investigation of fire spread across a vegetative fuel bed incorporating the effect of wind velocity. (2021). 12th National Combustion Meeting submitted to EearthArXiv. Texas, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ziazi2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4603.25556","score":{"value":4603.25556,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18000; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4682.12754","score":{"value":4682.12754,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18001; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4806.41066","score":{"value":4806.41066,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18014; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5043.0266","score":{"value":5043.0266,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18015; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"al-afc-firewise-woodland-homes-2001","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Fire-prone plants to avoid within 30 feet of the house: Longleaf Pine — Pinus palustris","claims":"The booklet explicitly places this row among fire-prone plants to avoid within 30 feet of the house.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Fire-prone plants to avoid within 30 feet of the house","scheme":"al-afc-booklet-section"},"edition":"2002 archived booklet","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20020913055904/http://www.forestry.state.al.us/publication/FIREWISE_LANDSCAPING_FOR_WOODLAND_HOMES.pdf","documentDate":"2002-02-25T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","LA","MD","MS","NC","NJ","OH","PA","SC","TX","VA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","LA","MD","MS","NC","NJ","OH","PA","SC","TX","VA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"8a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-palustris","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIPA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15522, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIPA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15522, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-palustris","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIPA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus palustris","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15522, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"al-afc-firewise-woodland-homes-2001","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20020913055904/http://www.forestry.state.al.us/publication/FIREWISE_LANDSCAPING_FOR_WOODLAND_HOMES.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The Alabama Forestry Commission's five-page AFC-FP-04 booklet is an Alabama publication and contains 31 printed suggested or fire-prone plant occurrences. FireApproved publishes 27 exact species or genus owners and holds one infraspecific form plus two named cultivars; this historical source scope does not establish current site suitability for a particular Alabama property.","sourceVersion":"AFC-FP-04-1999"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874)","sourceUrl":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"completeness":"complete","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The complete three-table AG-874 plant list is explicitly for North Carolina and contains 202 low-, medium-, or high-flammability rows. FireApproved accounts for all source rows under its strict taxonomy and lineage rules; source scope does not establish local suitability at a particular North Carolina site.","sourceVersion":"AG-874-reviewed-2025-03-26","asOf":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"dead-material","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13638; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":137},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13639; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":138},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13640; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":139},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13641; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":140},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13642; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":141}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AL","FL","GA","LA","MS","NC","SC","TX","VA"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"6b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}