{"id":"pinus-lambertiana","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus lambertiana","commonNames":["Sugar pine"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus lambertiana","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PILA","gbifKey":5284989},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["CA","NV","OR"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PILA","sourceTaxon":"Pinus lambertiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15479, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":229,"waterNeed":"moderate","evidence":[{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plant Materials for Oregon","claims":"Pinus lambertiana (Sugar pine) is listed under “Trees—evergreens” for Central and Southern Oregon. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Central and Southern Oregon","scheme":"osu-frn6-oregon-regions"},"edition":"Forest Resource Note No. 6","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","documentDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nv-forestry-tahoe-landscaping-guide","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high — Pine, sugar — Pinus lambertiana","claims":"Table 1's Fire Hazard column prints “high” for this taxon. The guide calls the rating a rough estimate of potential flammability, not a result of scientific trials. Its footnote says plants that turn brown often become high fire hazards and tells readers to mow grasses and forbs when they begin to turn brown.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Fire Hazard column: high","scheme":"tahoe-guide-2006"},"edition":"Bulletin 06-01 (2006)","url":"https://forestry.nv.gov/uploads/missions/20210304_AMT_2006_Home_Landscaping_Guide_Lake_Tahoe.pdf","documentDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2632; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 690.3","score":{"value":690.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2640; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.28","score":{"value":0.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2648; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 85.4","score":{"value":85.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2656; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 85.6","score":{"value":85.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2664; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a temperate forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 1153-1163.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 383","score":{"value":383,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3496; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 238","score":{"value":238,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3497; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 217","score":{"value":217,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3498; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 166","score":{"value":166,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3499; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 113","score":{"value":113,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3500; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 160","score":{"value":160,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3501; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 114","score":{"value":114,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3502; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 111","score":{"value":111,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3503; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 48","score":{"value":48,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3504; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 29","score":{"value":29,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3505; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3506; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3507; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 95.3","score":{"value":95.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3508; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.2","score":{"value":92.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3509; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 76.8","score":{"value":76.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3510; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 33","score":{"value":33,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3511; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 13.3","score":{"value":13.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3512; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 34.1","score":{"value":34.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3513; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.1","score":{"value":0.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3514; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.09","score":{"value":0.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3515; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3516; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.08","score":{"value":0.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3517; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3518; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3519; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 2213","score":{"value":2213,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3520; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 2317","score":{"value":2317,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3521; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 2242","score":{"value":2242,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3522; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 269","score":{"value":269,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3523; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 117","score":{"value":117,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3524; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 1140","score":{"value":1140,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3525; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gabrielson2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gabrielson2012: Gabrielson, A. T., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., & Reardon, J. J. (2012). Biomass and burning characteristics of sugar pine cones. Fire Ecology, 8, 58-70.","original":"Gabrielson2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 938.66","score":{"value":938.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13439; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 919.56","score":{"value":919.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13440; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4879.62","score":{"value":4879.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13441; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4936.94","score":{"value":4936.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13442; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4989.49","score":{"value":4989.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13515; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4855.74","score":{"value":4855.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13516; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5132.8","score":{"value":5132.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13517; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4917.84","score":{"value":4917.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13518; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 68.9","score":{"value":68.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15693; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-15; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 74.6","score":{"value":74.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15694; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-15; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 513.9","score":{"value":513.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15695; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-15; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.8","score":{"value":88.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15696; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-15; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.4","score":{"value":10.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16921; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.6","score":{"value":3.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16922; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.03","score":{"value":5.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16923; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.22","score":{"value":11.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16924; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.65","score":{"value":5.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16925; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 585.13","score":{"value":585.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16926; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 498.83","score":{"value":498.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16927; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 285.47","score":{"value":285.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16928; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 465.7","score":{"value":465.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16929; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16930; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 536","score":{"value":536,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16931; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 524","score":{"value":524,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16932; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 426","score":{"value":426,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16933; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 377.14","score":{"value":377.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16934; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16935; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 30.77","score":{"value":30.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16936; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 35.96","score":{"value":35.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16937; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 16.99","score":{"value":16.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16938; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 18.86","score":{"value":18.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16939; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16940; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.141","score":{"value":0.141,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16941; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 1.56","score":{"value":1.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16942; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16943; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.072","score":{"value":0.072,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16944; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16945; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study deMagalhaes2017: de Magalhães, R. (2017). The effect of leaf traits on litter flammability in mixed-conifer forest. PhD. Dissertation. Texas Tech University.","plantPart":"litter","original":"deMagalhaes2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","NV","OR"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEV — Nevada"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","NV","OR"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PILA","sourceTaxon":"Pinus lambertiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15479, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PILA","sourceTaxon":"Pinus lambertiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15479, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PILA","sourceTaxon":"Pinus lambertiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15479, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"nv-forestry-tahoe-landscaping-guide","sourceName":"Home Landscaping Guide for Lake Tahoe and Vicinity (Ed. Bulletin 06-01)","sourceUrl":"https://forestry.nv.gov/uploads/missions/20210304_AMT_2006_Home_Landscaping_Guide_Lake_Tahoe.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA","NV"],"regions":["Lake Tahoe Basin"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Nevada Division of Forestry and University of Nevada Cooperative Extension publish Bulletin 06-01 for the Lake Tahoe Basin and vicinity. FireApproved publishes 83 exact rated owners as basin context across Nevada and California. Rough estimates are not statewide or site ratings.","sourceVersion":"Nevada-Extension-Bulletin-06-01-2006","asOf":"2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","claims":"Pinus lambertiana (Sugar pine) is listed under “Trees—evergreens” for Central and Southern Oregon. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","evidenceIndex":0}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA","NV","OR"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"4a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}