{"id":"pinus-bungeana","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus bungeana","commonNames":["Lacebark pine"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus bungeana","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIBU2","gbifKey":5285775,"itisTsn":822550,"wikidataQid":"Q1074872","inatTaxonId":135808},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-bungeana","sourceTaxon":"Pinus bungeana","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":30,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pinus-bungeana.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/509078389","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/283320152","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) capacoscar, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Exfoliating bark of green, gray, brown, silver.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Storm damage prone; disease resistant; urban tolerant.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 206","score":{"value":206,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19625; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 206","score":{"value":206,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19626; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 375","score":{"value":375,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19627; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 63","score":{"value":63,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19628; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 97","score":{"value":97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19629; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 115","score":{"value":115,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19630; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19631; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26","score":{"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19632; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19633; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 170.17","score":{"value":170.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19688; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 170.17","score":{"value":170.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19689; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 141.66","score":{"value":141.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19690; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 217.05","score":{"value":217.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19691; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 215.27","score":{"value":215.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19692; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 187.42","score":{"value":187.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19693; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 970.89","score":{"value":970.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19694; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 321.74","score":{"value":321.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19695; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 387","score":{"value":387,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19696; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 14.73","score":{"value":14.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19751; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 14.73","score":{"value":14.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19752; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.28","score":{"value":13.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19753; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.94","score":{"value":13.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19754; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.24","score":{"value":13.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19755; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.24","score":{"value":13.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19756; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 15.53","score":{"value":15.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19757; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 12.3","score":{"value":12.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19758; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 14.33","score":{"value":14.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19759; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1312","score":{"value":1312,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19814; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1347.2","score":{"value":1347.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19815; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1620","score":{"value":1620,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19816; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 924.3","score":{"value":924.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19817; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 932","score":{"value":932,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19818; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1056","score":{"value":1056,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19819; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 864.3","score":{"value":864.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19820; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 715.7","score":{"value":715.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19821; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 716.3","score":{"value":716.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19822; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-6; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-bungeana","sourceTaxon":"Pinus bungeana","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-bungeana","sourceTaxon":"Pinus bungeana","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}