{"id":"pinus-brutia","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus brutia","commonNames":["Pinus brutia"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus brutia","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":5285710},"regions":["Greece","Morocco","Turkey"],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae12761","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2020-02-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pinus brutia","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["Kleunen et al. (2018), https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.2542"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4928.29","score":{"value":4928.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2959; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2001-1; sampling december. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2001: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., & Panov, P. I. (2001). Pyric properties of some dominant Mediterranean vegetation species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 10, 23-27.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dimitrakopoulos2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4608.03","score":{"value":4608.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2965; Combustibility measurement; plant part stems; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2001-1; sampling december. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2001: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., & Panov, P. I. (2001). Pyric properties of some dominant Mediterranean vegetation species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 10, 23-27.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Dimitrakopoulos2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.79","score":{"value":21.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2982; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-stricken (low elevation) and non fire- stricken (high elevation) conifer forest species of Europe: a test of the Mutch hypothesis. Forest Systems, 22, 134-137.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dimitrakopoulos2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4665.15","score":{"value":4665.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2992; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-stricken (low elevation) and non fire- stricken (high elevation) conifer forest species of Europe: a test of the Mutch hypothesis. Forest Systems, 22, 134-137.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dimitrakopoulos2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 213.5","score":{"value":213.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3002; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-stricken (low elevation) and non fire- stricken (high elevation) conifer forest species of Europe: a test of the Mutch hypothesis. Forest Systems, 22, 134-137.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dimitrakopoulos2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.8","score":{"value":6.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4715; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4765; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 12.7","score":{"value":12.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4766; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5109.94","score":{"value":5109.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6550; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6569; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 39","score":{"value":39,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6570; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 33","score":{"value":33,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6571; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 31","score":{"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6572; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6573; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21","score":{"value":21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6574; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6575; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6576; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6577; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 13","score":{"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6578; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6579; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.5","score":{"value":9.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6580; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 65.5","score":{"value":65.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6669; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 75.38","score":{"value":75.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6675; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2002-1; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 69, 519-528.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 472","score":{"value":472,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6680; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2005: Liodakis, S., Vorisis, D., & Agiovlasitis, I. (2005). A method for measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437, 150-157.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 242","score":{"value":242,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6686; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2005: Liodakis, S., Vorisis, D., & Agiovlasitis, I. (2005). A method for measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437, 150-157.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 2232","score":{"value":2232,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6692; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2005: Liodakis, S., Vorisis, D., & Agiovlasitis, I. (2005). A method for measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437, 150-157.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26604","score":{"value":26604,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6698; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2005: Liodakis, S., Vorisis, D., & Agiovlasitis, I. (2005). A method for measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437, 150-157.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4941.92","score":{"value":4941.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6704; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2005: Liodakis, S., Vorisis, D., & Agiovlasitis, I. (2005). A method for measuring the relative particle fire hazard properties of forest species. Thermochimica Acta, 437, 150-157.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liodakis2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 923","score":{"value":923,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9214; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-8; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Michelaki2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 364","score":{"value":364,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9215; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-8; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Michelaki2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9216; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-8; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Michelaki2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 94.6","score":{"value":94.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9217; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-8; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Michelaki2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 305.1","score":{"value":305.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16620; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.6","score":{"value":20.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16621; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 55.5","score":{"value":55.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16622; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.1","score":{"value":16.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16623; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 5.7","score":{"value":5.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16624; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"greece-property-fire-regulation-2023","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Pinus brutia","claims":"The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"section 5.4.2, Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-particularly-flammable"},"edition":"FEK B 3475/2023","url":"https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023","documentDate":"2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae12761","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2020-02-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Pinus brutia","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["Kleunen et al. (2018), https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.2542"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}