{"id":"pinus-attenuata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus attenuata","commonNames":["Pinus attenuata"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus attenuata","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIAT","gbifKey":5285497},"states":["CA","OR"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 67.2","score":{"value":67.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3377; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-6; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 92.8","score":{"value":92.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3378; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-6; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 423.8","score":{"value":423.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3379; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-6; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 90.4","score":{"value":90.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3380; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-6; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3381; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-6; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 49.3","score":{"value":49.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3416; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 740","score":{"value":740,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3417; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 1262","score":{"value":1262,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3418; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 2002","score":{"value":2002,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3419; Sustainability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 68","score":{"value":68,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3420; Consumability measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3421; Combustibility measurement; plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-5; sampling august to october. Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.","original":"Fonda2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 869.4","score":{"value":869.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13419; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 735.65","score":{"value":735.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13420; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4999.04","score":{"value":4999.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13421; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4884.4","score":{"value":4884.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13422; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","plantPart":"litter","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4884.4","score":{"value":4884.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13495; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4784.08","score":{"value":4784.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13496; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4987.1","score":{"value":4987.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13497; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4877.23","score":{"value":4877.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13498; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 147-158.","original":"vanWagtendonk1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 79.9","score":{"value":79.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15649; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 53.4","score":{"value":53.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15650; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 635.6","score":{"value":635.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15651; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 89.5","score":{"value":89.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15652; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","OR"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","OR"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA","OR"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}