{"id":"picea-glauca","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Picea glauca","commonNames":["White spruce"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Picea glauca","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIGL","gbifKey":5284745,"itisTsn":183295,"wikidataQid":"Q128116","inatTaxonId":117326},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AK","CT","DC","DE","ID","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MT","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SD","VT","WI","WV","WY"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"picea-glauca","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"2","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Picea glauca","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"below-published-scale","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-65,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIGL","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15386, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":40,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/picea-glauca.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/604639477","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/333084649","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Jason Grant, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Dwarf form more commonly found in landscape.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Withstands drought, wind, and temperature extremes.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Withstands drought, wind and temperature extremes.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Picea glauca (White spruce).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"MUY DESACONSEJADA","claims":"Picea glauca is rated “MUY DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"not suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4700","score":{"value":4700,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5032; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5050","score":{"value":5050,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5033; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1319.31","score":{"value":1319.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9162; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling may. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1288.24","score":{"value":1288.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9163; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling june. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1940.72","score":{"value":1940.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9164; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling july. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2430.68","score":{"value":2430.68,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9165; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling august. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2327.91","score":{"value":2327.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9166; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling september. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2287.28","score":{"value":2287.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9167; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling october. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2504.78","score":{"value":2504.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9168; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling may. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2413.95","score":{"value":2413.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9169; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling june. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2456.97","score":{"value":2456.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9170; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling july. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2619.5","score":{"value":2619.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9171; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling august. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2535.85","score":{"value":2535.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9172; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling september. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2504.78","score":{"value":2504.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9173; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling october. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2736.61","score":{"value":2736.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9174; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling may. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2523.9","score":{"value":2523.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9175; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling june. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2535.85","score":{"value":2535.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9176; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling july. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2652.96","score":{"value":2652.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9177; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling august. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2621.89","score":{"value":2621.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9178; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling september. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2688.81","score":{"value":2688.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9179; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling october. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2646.4","score":{"value":2646.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9180; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling may. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2263.38","score":{"value":2263.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9181; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling june. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2375.71","score":{"value":2375.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9182; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling july. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2600.38","score":{"value":2600.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9183; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling august. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2538.24","score":{"value":2538.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9184; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling september. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2576.48","score":{"value":2576.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9185; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Melnik2021-1; sampling october. Primary study Melnik2021: Melnik, O. M., Paskaluk, S. A., Ackerman, M. Y., Melnik, K. O., Thompson, D. K., McAllister, S. S., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). New in-flame flammability testing method applied to monitor seasonal changes in live fuel. Fire, 5, 1.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Melnik2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 139","score":{"value":139,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14107; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 130","score":{"value":130,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14108; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 134","score":{"value":134,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14118; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 110.9","score":{"value":110.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14119; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2101","score":{"value":2101,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14129; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1934","score":{"value":1934,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14130; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety.  Melbourne, Australia.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.5","score":{"value":5.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16484; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.8","score":{"value":25.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16485; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16486; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.9","score":{"value":2.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16487; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 630","score":{"value":630,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17578; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 594","score":{"value":594,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17579; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 588","score":{"value":588,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17580; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 552","score":{"value":552,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17581; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 588","score":{"value":588,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17582; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 570","score":{"value":570,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17583; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 588","score":{"value":588,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17584; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 612","score":{"value":612,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17585; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 434","score":{"value":434,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17586; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 422","score":{"value":422,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17587; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 418","score":{"value":418,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17588; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 390","score":{"value":390,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17589; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 436","score":{"value":436,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17590; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 413","score":{"value":413,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17591; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 431","score":{"value":431,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17592; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 455","score":{"value":455,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17593; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 6.2","score":{"value":6.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17594; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 4.8","score":{"value":4.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17595; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17596; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 4.1","score":{"value":4.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17597; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 2.9","score":{"value":2.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17598; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 0.2","score":{"value":0.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17599; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 2.4","score":{"value":2.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17600; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 5.9","score":{"value":5.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17601; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17602; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17603; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17604; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 29","score":{"value":29,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17605; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 31","score":{"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17606; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 29","score":{"value":29,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17607; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 31","score":{"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17608; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 34","score":{"value":34,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17609; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Vermesi 2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Vermesi 2017: Vermesi, I., DiDomizio, M. J., Richter, F., Weckman, E. J., & Rein, G. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under transient irradiation: Experiments and a-priori predictions. Fire Safety Journal, 91, 218.224","original":"Vermesi 2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 259","score":{"value":259,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17610; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 194","score":{"value":194,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17611; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 157","score":{"value":157,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17612; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 137","score":{"value":137,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17613; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 115","score":{"value":115,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17614; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8","score":{"value":8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17615; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.8","score":{"value":7.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17616; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.9","score":{"value":7.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17617; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8","score":{"value":8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17618; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.7","score":{"value":7.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17619; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 303","score":{"value":303,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17620; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 311","score":{"value":311,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17621; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 316","score":{"value":316,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17622; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 326","score":{"value":326,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17623; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 335","score":{"value":335,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17624; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 241","score":{"value":241,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17625; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 191","score":{"value":191,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17626; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 127","score":{"value":127,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17627; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.7","score":{"value":7.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17628; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.8","score":{"value":7.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17629; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 7.6","score":{"value":7.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17630; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 3.6","score":{"value":3.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17631; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 3.7","score":{"value":3.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17632; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 309","score":{"value":309,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17633; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Zhai2017-1; sampling ND. Primary study Zhai2017: Zhai, C., Gong, J., Zhou, X., Peng, F., & Yang, L. (2017). Pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of wood under time-dependent heat flux. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125, 100–108.","original":"Zhai2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AK","CT","DC","DE","ID","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MT","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SD","VT","WI","WV","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK","CT","DC","DE","ID","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MT","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SD","VT","WI","WV","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"picea-glauca","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Picea glauca","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"below-published-scale","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-65,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIGL","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15386, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"2","maximum":"6","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Picea glauca","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"below-published-scale","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-65,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIGL","sourceTaxon":"Picea glauca","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15386, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}