{"id":"panicum-maximum","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Panicum maximum","commonNames":["Panicum maximum"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Panicum maximum","family":"Poaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"URMA3","gbifKey":7562245},"usdaZoneMin":"9a","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AL","AZ","CA","FL","GA","HI","LA","OK","PR","TX","VI"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"URMA3","sourceTaxon":"Panicum maximum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 26310, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"grass","matureHeightFt":5,"waterNeed":"moderate","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 338.65","score":{"value":338.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12933; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Solofondranohatra2021-1; sampling march. Primary study Solofondranohatra2021: Solofondranohatra, C. L., Vorontsova, M. S., Dewhirst, R. A., Belcher, C. M., Cable, S., Jeannoda, V., & Lehmann, C. E. R. (2021). Shade alters the growth and architecture of tropical grasses by reducing root biomass. Biotropica, (00), 1-11.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Solofondranohatra2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1751.91","score":{"value":1751.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12947; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Solofondranohatra2021-1; sampling march. Primary study Solofondranohatra2021: Solofondranohatra, C. L., Vorontsova, M. S., Dewhirst, R. A., Belcher, C. M., Cable, S., Jeannoda, V., & Lehmann, C. E. R. (2021). Shade alters the growth and architecture of tropical grasses by reducing root biomass. Biotropica, (00), 1-11.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Solofondranohatra2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AZ","CA","FL","GA","HI","LA","OK","PR","TX","VI"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AZ","CA","FL","GA","HI","LA","OK","PR","TX","VI"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"9a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"URMA3","sourceTaxon":"Panicum maximum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 26310, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"URMA3","sourceTaxon":"Panicum maximum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 26310, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"URMA3","sourceTaxon":"Panicum maximum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 26310, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"9a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}