{"id":"muehlenbeckia-australis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Muehlenbeckia australis","commonNames":["Pōhuehue","Large-leaved muehlenbeckia"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Muehlenbeckia australis","family":"Polygonaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":4033148,"wikidataQid":"Q15600466","inatTaxonId":366725},"regions":["New Zealand"],"plantForm":"vine","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/muehlenbeckia-australis.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/447484670","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/250240130","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Saryu Mae 前 朝琉, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low flammability","claims":"Low flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 41.66","score":{"value":41.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Alam2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 158.83","score":{"value":158.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 25; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Alam2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 1.83","score":{"value":1.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 41; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Alam2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 8.33","score":{"value":8.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 57; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Alam2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 61.1","score":{"value":61.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1435; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 189.3","score":{"value":189.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1629; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 2.3","score":{"value":2.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1823; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 6.1","score":{"value":6.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2017; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 95.26","score":{"value":95.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8442; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 176.22","score":{"value":176.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8443; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 132.08","score":{"value":132.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8657; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 198.74","score":{"value":198.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8658; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 22.16","score":{"value":22.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8872; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 30.93","score":{"value":30.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8873; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}