{"id":"mangifera-indica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Mangifera indica","commonNames":["Mangifera indica"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Mangifera indica","family":"Anacardiaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"MAIN3","gbifKey":3190638},"usdaZoneMin":"8b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["FL","HI","PR","VI"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae9145","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Mangifera indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cvc), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=MAIN3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae9146","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Mangifera indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cvc), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=MAIN3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":17,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"MAIN3","sourceTaxon":"Mangifera indica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92916, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":65,"waterNeed":"moderate","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 6150","score":{"value":6150,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1135; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chakradhari2016-1; sampling december. Primary study Chakradhari2016: Chakradhari, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion characteristics of tree woods. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 6, 31-43.","original":"Chakradhari2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 695.6666667","score":{"value":695.6666667,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16267; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ...  Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire with food: Assessing the flammability of crop plant species for building fire resilient agroforestry systems. in review, preprint.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pacheco2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 27.5","score":{"value":27.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16268; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ...  Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire with food: Assessing the flammability of crop plant species for building fire resilient agroforestry systems. in review, preprint.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pacheco2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 48.83333333","score":{"value":48.83333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16269; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ...  Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire with food: Assessing the flammability of crop plant species for building fire resilient agroforestry systems. in review, preprint.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pacheco2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6","score":{"value":6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17077; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.16","score":{"value":0.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17078; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 27","score":{"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17079; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7","score":{"value":7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17122; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17123; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17124; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["FL","HI","PR","VI"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL","HI","PR","VI"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"8b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":17,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"MAIN3","sourceTaxon":"Mangifera indica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92916, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"8b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":17,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"MAIN3","sourceTaxon":"Mangifera indica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92916, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"8b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":17,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"MAIN3","sourceTaxon":"Mangifera indica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92916, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae9145","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Mangifera indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cvc), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=MAIN3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae9146","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Mangifera indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cvc), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=MAIN3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}],"usdaZoneMin":"8b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}