{"id":"magnolia-champaca","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Michelia champaca","commonNames":["Champak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Magnolia champaca","family":"Magnoliaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"MICH4","gbifKey":3153099},"regions":["Brazil"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/magnolia-champaca.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/21480087","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Ong Jyh Seng, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Ong Jyh Seng","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"batista-2013-green-barriers-gtr245","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Flammable (FV 3)","score":{"value":3,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-shoot"},"claims":"Mean time to ignition 13.1 s; mean flame length 8.16 cm.","plantPart":"shoot","condition":"green","edition":"2013","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/44525.pdf","documentDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 13.1","score":{"value":13.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 439; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Batista2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Batista2012: Batista, C., Biondi, D., França, A., de Assunção, R., Tres, A., Costa, R., ... Kovalsyki, B. (2012). Evaluación de la Inflamabilidad de Árboles y Arbustos Utilizados en la Implementación de Barreras Verdes en el Sur del Brasil. Cuarto Simposio Internacional Sobre Políticas, Planificación y Economía de los Incendios Forestales: Cambio Climático e Incendios Forestales, Ciudad de México, México.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Batista2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 3.87","score":{"value":3.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 444; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Batista2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Batista2012: Batista, C., Biondi, D., França, A., de Assunção, R., Tres, A., Costa, R., ... Kovalsyki, B. (2012). Evaluación de la Inflamabilidad de Árboles y Arbustos Utilizados en la Implementación de Barreras Verdes en el Sur del Brasil. Cuarto Simposio Internacional Sobre Políticas, Planificación y Economía de los Incendios Forestales: Cambio Climático e Incendios Forestales, Ciudad de México, México.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Batista2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 449; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Batista2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Batista2012: Batista, C., Biondi, D., França, A., de Assunção, R., Tres, A., Costa, R., ... Kovalsyki, B. (2012). Evaluación de la Inflamabilidad de Árboles y Arbustos Utilizados en la Implementación de Barreras Verdes en el Sur del Brasil. Cuarto Simposio Internacional Sobre Políticas, Planificación y Economía de los Incendios Forestales: Cambio Climático e Incendios Forestales, Ciudad de México, México.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Batista2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 8.16","score":{"value":8.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 454; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Batista2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Batista2012: Batista, C., Biondi, D., França, A., de Assunção, R., Tres, A., Costa, R., ... Kovalsyki, B. (2012). Evaluación de la Inflamabilidad de Árboles y Arbustos Utilizados en la Implementación de Barreras Verdes en el Sur del Brasil. Cuarto Simposio Internacional Sobre Políticas, Planificación y Economía de los Incendios Forestales: Cambio Climático e Incendios Forestales, Ciudad de México, México.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Batista2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 19.8","score":{"value":19.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11926; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 4.92","score":{"value":4.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11935; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11944; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 4.5","score":{"value":4.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11953; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 32.6","score":{"value":32.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11962; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 70","score":{"value":70,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11971; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3707.8","score":{"value":3707.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11980; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santos2018a: Santos, J. F. L., Batista, A. C., Tres, A., Tetto, A. F., & Kovalsyki, B. (2018a). Flammability and combustibility of potential species for use as fuel breaks. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 788-793), Portugal, University of Coimbra.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santos2018a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"mid-scale","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"batista-2013-green-barriers-gtr245","verdict":"mixed","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/44525.pdf","claims":"Mean time to ignition 13.1 s; mean flame length 8.16 cm.","evidenceIndex":0}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}