{"id":"macrozamia-communis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Macrozamia communis","commonNames":["Macrozamia communis"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Macrozamia communis","family":"Zamiaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"MACO33","gbifKey":2683568},"regions":["Australia"],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.42","score":{"value":6.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4079; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.93","score":{"value":4.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4111; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 28.1","score":{"value":28.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4143; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 33.03","score":{"value":33.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4175; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 16.65","score":{"value":16.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4207; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 29.06","score":{"value":29.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4239; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 20.34","score":{"value":20.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4271; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.72","score":{"value":8.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4303; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.93","score":{"value":3.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4334; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.61","score":{"value":4.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4364; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 21.78","score":{"value":21.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4394; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 26.39","score":{"value":26.39,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4424; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 667","score":{"value":667,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4438; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 95.64","score":{"value":95.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4449; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.14","score":{"value":0.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4458; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 686.74","score":{"value":686.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4480; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.15","score":{"value":0.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4504; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 97.56","score":{"value":97.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4530; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}