{"id":"liatris","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Liatris","commonNames":["Blazing star"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Liatris","family":"Asteraceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"LIATR","gbifKey":3104263,"itisTsn":37906,"wikidataQid":"Q1580155","inatTaxonId":48690},"usdaZoneMin":"3a","usdaZoneMax":"8b","zoneSource":"pnw590","states":["ID","OR","WA"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"dovetail-ne-minnesota","sourceRecordId":"table-2-row-5","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 2 row 5, Hardiness Zones column","sourceVersion":"2017","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Blazing star","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Blazing star profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"perennial","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/liatris.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/51534821","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/32838637","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Jay Horn, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"pnw-590","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2023","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","documentDate":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"L flammability","claims":"Prairie native; drought tolerant; sun to partial shade required.","edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"dovetail-ne-minnesota","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low flammability (UF Circ 1453 key)","sourcePlacement":{"value":"plantable 3-30 ft from a building","scheme":"dovetail-distance"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://dovetailinc.org/land_use_pdfs/mnfirewiselandscapefulllength.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for HIZ extended zone (30-100 m)","scheme":"firesmart-hiz"},"original":"pnw-590","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"tamfs-firewise-landscaping-in-texas","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"acceptable fire-resistant plants","claims":"Listed as Gay feather under “10 feet to 30 feet” in the source's fire-resistant plant examples.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"10 feet to 30 feet","scheme":"tamfs-defensible-space"},"edition":"2012","url":"https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EDITED202012firelandscape.pdf","documentDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-plant-profile-galleries","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Choose the right perennial plants for your fire-resistant landscape","claims":"The Blazing star profile prints Liatris sp.. The gallery points to PNW 590 for complete details.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Blazing star — Liatris spp.","scheme":"osu-2023-perennials-gallery"},"edition":"November 2023 educational gallery","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gallery/fire-resistant-plant-profiles-perennials","documentDate":"2023-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"relatively resistant to fire","claims":"Listed as Liatris spp. (Gayfeather, Blazing Star). The source says listed species exhibit stronger resistance to ignition by wildfires. Source comments: Prefers full sun","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Herbaceous Annuals and Perennials","scheme":"Maryland Firewise plant-form tables"},"edition":"2015 archived PDF","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["ID","OR","WA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"3a","usdaZoneMax":"8b","hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"dovetail-ne-minnesota","sourceRecordId":"table-2-row-5","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 2 row 5, Hardiness Zones column","sourceVersion":"2017","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Blazing star","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Blazing star profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"dovetail-ne-minnesota","sourceRecordId":"table-2-row-5","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 2 row 5, Hardiness Zones column","sourceVersion":"2017","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Blazing star","sourceTaxon":"Liatris spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Blazing star profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"dovetail-ne-minnesota","sourceName":"Landscaping for Wildfire Defensible Space in Northeastern Minnesota (Firewise)","sourceUrl":"https://dovetailinc.org/land_use_pdfs/mnfirewiselandscapefulllength.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["Northeastern Minnesota"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Dovetail applies the UF/IFAS flammability key to northeastern Minnesota natives and publishes placement for 38 exact source owners. FireApproved exposes those rows only as northeastern Minnesota regional context and preserves the 3-to-30-foot versus beyond-30-foot source placement.","sourceVersion":"Dovetail-Northeastern-Minnesota-Firewise-2017","asOf":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Maryland Forest Service says the list contains plants that can be grown in Maryland and identifies Maryland natives. FireApproved publishes 169 exact source owners from the 180 printed rows; an unrepresentable form and duplicate-owner rows are not broadened. The list calls itself non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every Maryland site.","sourceVersion":"Maryland-Firewise-Plants-2015-01-08","asOf":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/fire/docs/Firewise_Landscaping_Plants_for_NJ.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"New Jersey DEP publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in New Jersey and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every New Jersey site or override the Pinelands Commission's separate placement and fuel-break rules.","sourceVersion":"New-Jersey-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-archive-2025-09-01"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://wvforestry.com/pdf/Firewise%20Landscaping%20Plants%20for%20WV.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"West Virginia Division of Forestry publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in West Virginia and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and provides no comparative or site-specific rating.","sourceVersion":"West-Virginia-DOF-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-live-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"pnw-590","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Home Landscapes (PNW 590)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The October 2023 joint Pacific Northwest Extension publication explicitly names Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and publishes more than 150 plant profiles. FireApproved has normalized 155 exact plant records from the source; publication scope does not assert that every listed plant suits every site within the three states.","sourceVersion":"PNW-590-October-2023","asOf":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"tamfs-firewise-landscaping-in-texas","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping in Texas: The Right Plant for the Right Place","sourceUrl":"https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EDITED202012firelandscape.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Texas A&M Forest Service says the guide's landscape elements apply across Texas and at all scales. FireApproved publishes ten exact genus owners from its placement-band examples and holds Primrose and Bluebells rather than guessing taxa. The examples are not a complete Texas plant palette.","sourceVersion":"Texas-AM-Forest-Service-Firewise-Landscaping-2012-10-08","asOf":"2012-10-08T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}