{"id":"lespedeza-cuneata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Lespedeza cuneata","commonNames":["Lespedeza cuneata"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Lespedeza cuneata","family":"Fabaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"LECU","gbifKey":8114276},"states":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MI","MO","MS","NC","NE","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","SC","TN","TX","VA","WI","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IOW — Iowa"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KTY — Kentucky"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — 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Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IN"]},"authority":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","source":"indiana-312-iac-18-3-25-2020","sourceRecordId":"indiana:312-iac-18-3-25:a:026","sourceVersion":"IAC-2026-312-18-3-25+20190417-IR-312180316FRA+20190417-IR-312190176ACA+20250423-IR-312240574RFA","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"312 IAC 18-3-25","label":"Prohibited invasive terrestrial plant — current rule fully enforceable since April 18, 2020"},"associatedReferences":["https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25","https://www.in.gov/nrc/files/nrc_jan_2019_minutes.pdf","https://www.in.gov/nrc/files/LSA24-574_Readopted-Final-Rule.pdf","https://www.in.gov/dnr/rules-and-regulations/invasive-species/terrestrial-invasive-species-plants","https://www.in.gov/dnr/files/ep-terrestrial_plant_rule.pdf","https://www.in.gov/isda/files/guidebook_full-compressed.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"The rule applies to any part or life stage of each listed species. A person must not sell, offer or grow for sale, gift, barter, exchange, distribute, transport, or transfer that material in Indiana.","effectiveOn":"2020-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"The rule applies to any part or life stage of each listed species. A person must not introduce that material in Indiana.","effectiveOn":"2019-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person who possesses a listed species under a permit issued by the Indiana State Entomologist.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person engaged in a project approved by the Indiana State Entomologist for destruction of a listed species.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match and does not project hybrids, the infraspecific designation, or the parenthetical Chinese-yam form"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"]},"authority":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015","sourceRecordId":"new-york:part-575:plant:034","sourceVersion":"6-NYCRR-Part-575-effective-2015-03-10-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"6 NYCRR 575.3 prohibited","label":"Prohibited invasive species — specified possession, trade, transport, introduction, propagation, and disposal rules"},"associatedReferences":["https://dec.ny.gov/nature/invasive-species/resources-regulations/regulations","https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/islist.pdf","https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may knowingly possess this prohibited invasive species with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce it; sale, import, purchase, transport, introduction, and propagation are prohibited, and disposal must render it nonliving and nonviable.","effectiveOn":"2015-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Possession or transport for identification or disposal, and control or management of pre-existing invasive species, remain exempt when handled within Part 575's no-spread boundary.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"A New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permit is required to carry out a prohibited activity for research, education, or another approved activity: possession with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; parenthetical source names are retained only to block unsafe negative receipts, while automatic publication uses the primary exact or accepted species name; current named cultivar exemptions are not projected onto this species page"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8891","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cmm), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LECU"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"regulated","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OK:034","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"OK-restricted","label":"Restricted noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Restricted","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},{"kind":"seed-tolerance","statement":"Printed row limitation — 9 per pound","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"OK","sourceRow":34,"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OK:017","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Lespedeza, Sericea","printedScientificName":"Lespedeza cuneata","category":"restricted","limitation":"9 per pound","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 4.5","score":{"value":4.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15625; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5.5","score":{"value":5.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15626; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 7","score":{"value":7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15627; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 7.5","score":{"value":7.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15628; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15629; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 62","score":{"value":62,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15630; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 58","score":{"value":58,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15631; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15632; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15633; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 53","score":{"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15634; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 27","score":{"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15635; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15636; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 19","score":{"value":19,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15637; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 37","score":{"value":37,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15638; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 11","score":{"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15639; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 5.9","score":{"value":5.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15640; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 4.2","score":{"value":4.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15641; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 3.2","score":{"value":3.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15642; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 2.3","score":{"value":2.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15643; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 1.8","score":{"value":1.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15644; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Barnes2022-1; sampling fall 2017. Primary study Barnes2022: Barnes, A. G., Kane, J. M., McKenzie, D. A., & Koerner, B. A. (2022). Invasion of a non?native forb reduces flammability in a fire?dependent ecosystem. Ecosphere, 13, e3995.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Barnes2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MI","MO","MS","NC","NE","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","SC","TN","TX","VA","WI","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IOW — Iowa"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KTY — Kentucky"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — Minnesota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NE"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NEB — Nebraska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MI","MO","MS","NC","NE","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","SC","TN","TX","VA","WI","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IN"]},"authority":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","source":"indiana-312-iac-18-3-25-2020","sourceRecordId":"indiana:312-iac-18-3-25:a:026","sourceVersion":"IAC-2026-312-18-3-25+20190417-IR-312180316FRA+20190417-IR-312190176ACA+20250423-IR-312240574RFA","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"312 IAC 18-3-25","label":"Prohibited invasive terrestrial plant — current rule fully enforceable since April 18, 2020"},"associatedReferences":["https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25","https://www.in.gov/nrc/files/nrc_jan_2019_minutes.pdf","https://www.in.gov/nrc/files/LSA24-574_Readopted-Final-Rule.pdf","https://www.in.gov/dnr/rules-and-regulations/invasive-species/terrestrial-invasive-species-plants","https://www.in.gov/dnr/files/ep-terrestrial_plant_rule.pdf","https://www.in.gov/isda/files/guidebook_full-compressed.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"The rule applies to any part or life stage of each listed species. A person must not sell, offer or grow for sale, gift, barter, exchange, distribute, transport, or transfer that material in Indiana.","effectiveOn":"2020-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"The rule applies to any part or life stage of each listed species. A person must not introduce that material in Indiana.","effectiveOn":"2019-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person who possesses a listed species under a permit issued by the Indiana State Entomologist.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person engaged in a project approved by the Indiana State Entomologist for destruction of a listed species.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match and does not project hybrids, the infraspecific designation, or the parenthetical Chinese-yam form"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"]},"authority":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015","sourceRecordId":"new-york:part-575:plant:034","sourceVersion":"6-NYCRR-Part-575-effective-2015-03-10-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"6 NYCRR 575.3 prohibited","label":"Prohibited invasive species — specified possession, trade, transport, introduction, propagation, and disposal rules"},"associatedReferences":["https://dec.ny.gov/nature/invasive-species/resources-regulations/regulations","https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/islist.pdf","https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may knowingly possess this prohibited invasive species with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce it; sale, import, purchase, transport, introduction, and propagation are prohibited, and disposal must render it nonliving and nonviable.","effectiveOn":"2015-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Possession or transport for identification or disposal, and control or management of pre-existing invasive species, remain exempt when handled within Part 575's no-spread boundary.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"A New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permit is required to carry out a prohibited activity for research, education, or another approved activity: possession with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; parenthetical source names are retained only to block unsafe negative receipts, while automatic publication uses the primary exact or accepted species name; current named cultivar exemptions are not projected onto this species page"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8891","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cmm), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LECU"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"regulated","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OK:034","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Lespedeza cuneata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"OK-restricted","label":"Restricted noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Restricted","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},{"kind":"seed-tolerance","statement":"Printed row limitation — 9 per pound","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"OK","sourceRow":34,"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OK:017","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Lespedeza, Sericea","printedScientificName":"Lespedeza cuneata","category":"restricted","limitation":"9 per pound","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{"KS":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:KS:055"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Noxious Weeds","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:KS:039"],"printedCommonName":"Lespedeza, sericea","printedScientificName":"Lespedeza cuneata"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Noxious Weeds” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."},"NE":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NE:010"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Primary","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NE:054"],"printedCommonName":"Lespedeza, sericea","printedScientificName":"Lespedeza cuneata"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Primary” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."}}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"IN","status":"noxious-listed","source":"indiana-312-iac-18-3-25-2020"},{"state":"NY","status":"noxious-listed","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}