{"id":"kochia-prostrata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Kochia prostrata","commonNames":["Forage Kochia"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Bassia prostrata","family":"Amaranthaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"BAPR5","gbifKey":5568099,"itisTsn":822851,"wikidataQid":"Q1570607","inatTaxonId":486304},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AZ","CO","ID","MT","NM","NV","OR","UT","WY"],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8744","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Kochia prostrata","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021chx), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BAPR5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"unique exact scientific/accepted name, rank, and family match"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OH:015","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bassia prostrata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"OH-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"OH","sourceRow":15,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OH:002","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Kochia, forage","printedScientificName":"Bassia prostrata","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BAPR5","sourceTaxon":"Kochia prostrata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 58837, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":2.5,"waterNeed":"low","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/kochia-prostrata.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/95043478","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/59480688","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Denys Vynokurov, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"fire-resistance score 7 of 10","score":{"value":7,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"sourcePlacement":{"value":"plantable at 40' from home","scheme":"idaho-distance"},"url":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as a firewise plant for Utah landscapes","claims":"Source says the plant can be firewise when properly used and maintained.","edition":"2005 revision","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","documentDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nrcs-tn66-fuel-breaks-2016","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Common plant material options for greenstrips.","claims":"Appendix B row: Forage Kochia (Kochia prostrata). Origin: Introduced; lifeform: Subshrub; relative height: Mid; seedling vigor: Low; longevity: Long. Precipitation zone: 8-16 in; soil texture: fine, medium, and coarse; seeds/lb: 395,000; single-species drill seeding rate: 2 lb/ac; seeding depth: 0-1/16 in. Recommended releases: Immigrant.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"common plant material option for a managed greenstrip in sagebrush ecosystems","scheme":"nrcs-tn66-greenstrip"},"edition":"Plant Materials Technical Note 66","url":"https://www.wlfw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/tn66_fuel_breaks.pdf","documentDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"unr-fs-97-36-greenstrips","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Common perennial plants used in greenstrips and selected characteristics important to their establishment and use","claims":"Table 1 row: Forage Kochia (Kochia prostrata). Minimum yearly precipitation: 8-10 inches; salt or alkali tolerance: Moderate / High; status: I; growth form, flower color, or season: none printed; varieties: ‘Immigrant’. The fact sheet says greenstrips should be grazed or mown frequently enough to reduce fuel buildup; otherwise their effectiveness is reduced dramatically.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"common perennial plant used in a maintained northern Nevada greenstrip","scheme":"unr-fs-97-36-greenstrip"},"edition":"Fact Sheet 97-36","url":"https://naes.agnt.unr.edu/PMS/Pubs/2020-3342.pdf","documentDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"harrison-2002-rangelands-kochia-fires","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"forage kochia is a very effective greenstrip species for fire-prone landscapes","claims":"The article identifies the table row as Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad. It reports August moisture at four times crested wheatgrass and ten times cheatgrass; a 1998 wildfire flame-length drop from about 10 feet to under one foot; a 1993 controlled burn in which 50-foot forage-kochia plantings did not burn; and a simulated-strip fire that went out after two feet at 16.3 mph wind. It also says forage kochia can burn with ignitable fuels, that litter altered burn behavior, and that more quantitative research is needed.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"species used in a semiarid western rangeland greenstrip","scheme":"harrison-2002-greenstrip"},"edition":"Rangelands 24(5)","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/preparedness/files/wildfire/rangelands.pdf","documentDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nord-green-1977-psw124","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"Plants not considered suitable for use to reduce fire hazards","claims":"Kochia prostrata: Fine foliage and numerous erect stems; potential flash-fire fuel when dry.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Table 5: Plants not considered suitable for use to reduce fire hazards","scheme":"nord-green-brushland-clearing-performance"},"edition":"PSW-124","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/28938.pdf","documentDate":"1977-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","CO","ID","MT","NM","NV","OR","UT","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","CO","ID","MT","NM","NV","OR","UT","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BAPR5","sourceTaxon":"Kochia prostrata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 58837, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BAPR5","sourceTaxon":"Kochia prostrata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 58837, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-28,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BAPR5","sourceTaxon":"Kochia prostrata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 58837, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8744","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Kochia prostrata","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021chx), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BAPR5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"unique exact scientific/accepted name, rank, and family match"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OH:015","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bassia prostrata","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"OH-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"OH","sourceRow":15,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:OH:002","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Kochia, forage","printedScientificName":"Bassia prostrata","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","sourceName":"Fire Resistance of Plants Master Database","sourceUrl":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["Southern Idaho"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The official database labels itself \"For Southern Idaho\" and describes Idaho residents at the urban-rangeland interface. FireApproved publishes 419 existing plant owners that cite its scored rows. This bounded Southern Idaho scope is regional context, not statewide coverage or a conclusion that the score transfers unchanged to every Idaho site.","sourceVersion":"Idaho-Firewise-Southern-Idaho-Master-2013-11-08","asOf":"2013-11-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Utah State University Extension states that this fact sheet selects examples for Utah landscapes and that they require proper placement and maintenance. FireApproved publishes 83 exact source owners at Utah publication scope. The table is not a site-specific planting clearance.","sourceVersion":"USU-NR-FF-002-2005-02","asOf":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"4a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}