{"id":"imperata-cylindrica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","commonNames":["Japanese Blood Grass"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Imperata cylindrica","family":"Poaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"IMCY","gbifKey":8424006,"itisTsn":41788,"wikidataQid":"Q693409","inatTaxonId":164056},"states":["AL","FL","GA","LA","MS","OH","OR","SC","TX","VA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-plants"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"]},"authority":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015","sourceRecordId":"new-york:part-575:plant:031","sourceVersion":"6-NYCRR-Part-575-effective-2015-03-10-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"6 NYCRR 575.3 prohibited","label":"Prohibited invasive species — specified possession, trade, transport, introduction, propagation, and disposal rules"},"associatedReferences":["https://dec.ny.gov/nature/invasive-species/resources-regulations/regulations","https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/islist.pdf","https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may knowingly possess this prohibited invasive species with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce it; sale, import, purchase, transport, introduction, and propagation are prohibited, and disposal must render it nonliving and nonviable.","effectiveOn":"2015-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Possession or transport for identification or disposal, and control or management of pre-existing invasive species, remain exempt when handled within Part 575's no-spread boundary.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"A New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permit is required to carry out a prohibited activity for research, education, or another approved activity: possession with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; parenthetical source names are retained only to block unsafe negative receipts, while automatic publication uses the primary exact or accepted species name; current named cultivar exemptions are not projected onto this species page"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8585","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cck), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=IMCY"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"unique exact scientific/accepted name, rank, and family match"}},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"federal","regions":["United States"]},"authority":"USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200","sourceRecordId":"7-cfr-360.200:imperata-cylindrica","sourceVersion":"7 CFR 360.200, eCFR up to date 2026-08-24","asOf":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"7 CFR 360.200","label":"Federal noxious weed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/subtitle-B/chapter-III/part-360/section-360.200"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"authority":"Utah Department of Agriculture and Food","source":"utah-r68-9-noxious-weeds","sourceRecordId":"utah-r68-9:4:imperata-cylindrica","sourceVersion":"R68-9-list-accessed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Class 4","label":"Class 4: Prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://ag.utah.gov/plant-industry/noxious-weed/state-of-utah-noxious-weed-list/"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; source spelling and stated county exception are retained exactly"}},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceRecordId":"2vac5-317-20:tier-2:01","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"2VAC5-317-20 Tier 2","label":"Tier 2 noxious weed — Present in the Commonwealth; successful eradication or suppression is feasible"},"associatedReferences":["https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/","https://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=11101"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"A regulated article is any listed noxious weed or any article carrying or capable of carrying a listed noxious weed. Move means to ship, offer for shipment, receive for transportation, carry, or otherwise transport, move, or allow to be moved. The movement of a regulated article is prohibited unless accompanied by a valid certificate or permit.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"The movement rule allows either a valid certificate or a permit to accompany the regulated article. A certificate is issued or authorized by the commissioner and indicates that the regulated article is not contaminated with a noxious weed. A permit is issued by the commissioner for movement of regulated articles to restricted destinations for limited handling, utilization, processing, or scientific purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match, and the source's Oplismenus infraspecific row is retained without species-page projection"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:GA:010","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"GA-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"GA","sourceRow":10,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:GA:004","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:HI:025","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"HI-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"HI","sourceRow":25,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:HI:002","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:UT:016","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"UT-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — (i) Prohibited noxious weed seeds are the seeds of any plant determined by the department to be injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property and that are especially troublesome and difficult to control and","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"UT","sourceRow":16,"sourceSectionHeading":"(i) Prohibited noxious weed seeds are the seeds of any plant determined by the department to be injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property and that are especially troublesome and difficult to control and","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:UT:005","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5a","maximum":"9b","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"nc-plant-toolbox","sourceRecordId":"imperata-cylindrica","sourceTaxon":"Imperata cylindrica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Imperata cylindrica profile, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone field","sourceVersion":"live profile accessed 2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"grass","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/imperata-cylindrica.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/35345977","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/22805566","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) 蜻蜓, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Forms colonies; species is invasive but fruitless clones are reported.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"plant in Zone 2-3 or beyond","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability; extreme flammability (listed under both tags)","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Imperata cylindrica\" under the high and extreme flammability tags.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"imperata-cylindrica","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27","score":{"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1124; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Cardoso2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cardoso2018: Cardoso, A. W., Oliveras, I., Abernethy, K. A., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Ndong, J. E., ... Malhi, Y.S. (2018). Grass Species Flammability, Not Biomass, Drives Changes in Fire Behavior at Tropical Forest-Savanna Transitions. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 6.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Cardoso2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3797.64","score":{"value":3797.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1127; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Cardoso2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cardoso2018: Cardoso, A. W., Oliveras, I., Abernethy, K. A., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Ndong, J. E., ... Malhi, Y.S. (2018). Grass Species Flammability, Not Biomass, Drives Changes in Fire Behavior at Tropical Forest-Savanna Transitions. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 6.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Cardoso2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 661","score":{"value":661,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1130; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Cardoso2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cardoso2018: Cardoso, A. W., Oliveras, I., Abernethy, K. A., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Ndong, J. E., ... Malhi, Y.S. (2018). Grass Species Flammability, Not Biomass, Drives Changes in Fire Behavior at Tropical Forest-Savanna Transitions. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 6.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Cardoso2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.48","score":{"value":0.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1133; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Cardoso2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cardoso2018: Cardoso, A. W., Oliveras, I., Abernethy, K. A., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Ndong, J. E., ... Malhi, Y.S. (2018). Grass Species Flammability, Not Biomass, Drives Changes in Fire Behavior at Tropical Forest-Savanna Transitions. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 6.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Cardoso2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fdacs-south-florida-firewise-guide","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Many invasive plants are extremely flammable and include: melaleuca, lygodium, downy rose myrtle, cogon grass, and eucalyptus.","claims":"Named in the guide's list of extremely flammable invasive plants.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"cogon grass","scheme":"South Florida guide narrative callouts"},"edition":"South Florida Edition","url":"https://www.fdacs.gov/content/download/25648/file/South_Florida_Firewise_Landscaping_Guide.pdf","documentDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","FL","GA","LA","MS","OH","OR","SC","TX","VA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","FL","GA","LA","MS","OH","OR","SC","TX","VA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5a","maximum":"9b","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"nc-plant-toolbox","sourceRecordId":"imperata-cylindrica","sourceTaxon":"Imperata cylindrica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Imperata cylindrica profile, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone field","sourceVersion":"live profile accessed 2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"5a","maximum":"9b","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"nc-plant-toolbox","sourceRecordId":"imperata-cylindrica","sourceTaxon":"Imperata cylindrica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Imperata cylindrica profile, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone field","sourceVersion":"live profile accessed 2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"5a","maximum":"9b","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"nc-plant-toolbox","sourceRecordId":"imperata-cylindrica","sourceTaxon":"Imperata cylindrica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Imperata cylindrica profile, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone field","sourceVersion":"live profile accessed 2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-plants"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"]},"authority":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015","sourceRecordId":"new-york:part-575:plant:031","sourceVersion":"6-NYCRR-Part-575-effective-2015-03-10-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"6 NYCRR 575.3 prohibited","label":"Prohibited invasive species — specified possession, trade, transport, introduction, propagation, and disposal rules"},"associatedReferences":["https://dec.ny.gov/nature/invasive-species/resources-regulations/regulations","https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/islist.pdf","https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may knowingly possess this prohibited invasive species with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce it; sale, import, purchase, transport, introduction, and propagation are prohibited, and disposal must render it nonliving and nonviable.","effectiveOn":"2015-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Possession or transport for identification or disposal, and control or management of pre-existing invasive species, remain exempt when handled within Part 575's no-spread boundary.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"A New York State Department of Environmental Conservation permit is required to carry out a prohibited activity for research, education, or another approved activity: possession with intent to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2018/09/september102014rulemaking.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; parenthetical source names are retained only to block unsafe negative receipts, while automatic publication uses the primary exact or accepted species name; current named cultivar exemptions are not projected onto this species page"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8585","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cck), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=IMCY"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"unique exact scientific/accepted name, rank, and family match"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"federal","regions":["United States"]},"authority":"USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200","sourceRecordId":"7-cfr-360.200:imperata-cylindrica","sourceVersion":"7 CFR 360.200, eCFR up to date 2026-08-24","asOf":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"7 CFR 360.200","label":"Federal noxious weed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/subtitle-B/chapter-III/part-360/section-360.200"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"authority":"Utah Department of Agriculture and Food","source":"utah-r68-9-noxious-weeds","sourceRecordId":"utah-r68-9:4:imperata-cylindrica","sourceVersion":"R68-9-list-accessed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Class 4","label":"Class 4: Prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://ag.utah.gov/plant-industry/noxious-weed/state-of-utah-noxious-weed-list/"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; source spelling and stated county exception are retained exactly"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceRecordId":"2vac5-317-20:tier-2:01","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"2VAC5-317-20 Tier 2","label":"Tier 2 noxious weed — Present in the Commonwealth; successful eradication or suppression is feasible"},"associatedReferences":["https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/","https://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=11101"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"A regulated article is any listed noxious weed or any article carrying or capable of carrying a listed noxious weed. Move means to ship, offer for shipment, receive for transportation, carry, or otherwise transport, move, or allow to be moved. The movement of a regulated article is prohibited unless accompanied by a valid certificate or permit.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"The movement rule allows either a valid certificate or a permit to accompany the regulated article. A certificate is issued or authorized by the commissioner and indicates that the regulated article is not contaminated with a noxious weed. A permit is issued by the commissioner for movement of regulated articles to restricted destinations for limited handling, utilization, processing, or scientific purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match, and the source's Oplismenus infraspecific row is retained without species-page projection"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:GA:010","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"GA-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"GA","sourceRow":10,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:GA:004","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:HI:025","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"HI-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"HI","sourceRow":25,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:HI:002","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:UT:016","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Imperata cylindrica","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"UT-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — (i) Prohibited noxious weed seeds are the seeds of any plant determined by the department to be injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property and that are especially troublesome and difficult to control and","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"UT","sourceRow":16,"sourceSectionHeading":"(i) Prohibited noxious weed seeds are the seeds of any plant determined by the department to be injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property and that are especially troublesome and difficult to control and","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:UT:005","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Cogongrass","printedScientificName":"Imperata cylindrica","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"fdacs-south-florida-firewise-guide","sourceName":"Landscaping to Reduce Wildfire Risk: South Florida Edition","sourceUrl":"https://www.fdacs.gov/content/download/25648/file/South_Florida_Firewise_Landscaping_Guide.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["South Florida"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Florida Forest Service labels this publication the South Florida Edition. FireApproved publishes eight exact owners from its explicit narrative hazard callouts as South Florida context. It is not a statewide ranked list and its source-wide guidance is not projected onto unnamed plants.","sourceVersion":"Florida-Forest-Service-South-Florida-Edition-2013-04-09","asOf":"2013-04-09T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{"VA":{"outcome":"listed","designation":"noxious-listed","heading":"Noxious-listed here","message":"Designated noxious listed in the reviewed Virginia 2VAC5-317 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Noxious Weeds as of 2026-08-26.","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceName":"Virginia 2VAC5-317 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Noxious Weeds","authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","officialReference":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","geographicGrain":"state","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":[]}},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"NY","status":"noxious-listed","source":"new-york-6-nycrr-part-575-2015"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200"},{"state":"UT","status":"noxious-listed","source":"utah-r68-9-noxious-weeds"},{"state":"VA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":"9b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}