{"id":"ilex-glabra","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Ilex glabra","commonNames":["Inkberry","Gallberry"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Ilex glabra","family":"Aquifoliaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"ILGL","gbifKey":5414266,"itisTsn":27981,"wikidataQid":"Q5997676","inatTaxonId":129347},"usdaZoneMin":"5b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AL","AR","CT","DE","FL","GA","LA","MA","MD","ME","MS","NC","NH","NJ","NY","PA","RI","SC","TX","VA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DE"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 DEL — Delaware"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ILGL","sourceTaxon":"Ilex glabra","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 74928, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":8,"waterNeed":"high","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/ilex-glabra.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/5595111","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4623413","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Laura Gaudette, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"long-2006-srs","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability (whole-plant burns, NIST BFRL)","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2006","url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_long004.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"bardon-2005","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability rating","edition":"2005","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"May be grown in moist, acid soils; drought sensitive; cosmetic insect concerns.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"do not plant within 5 ft of structures (keep out of Zone 1)","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"May be grown in acid soils on wet sites.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","original":"bardon-2005","edition":"2025","url":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"behm-2004-florida-understory","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Most flammable species studied","claims":"Aboveground plant structure, foliage, litter, stems, moisture, volatile solids, and energy were compared across the study taxa.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2004","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228547525_Flammability_of_native_understory_species_in_pine_flatwood_and_hardwood_hammock_ecosystems_and_implications_for_the_wildland-urban_interface","documentDate":"2004-11-16T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Ilex glabra\" under the high flammability tag.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"ilex-glabra","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"original":"bardon-2005","edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ilex-glabra/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5086","score":{"value":5086,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5006; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-6; sampling march. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5213","score":{"value":5213,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5039; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-2; sampling august. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.46","score":{"value":12.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9151; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.69","score":{"value":14.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9152; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.71","score":{"value":17.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9153; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.5","score":{"value":17.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9154; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.82","score":{"value":21.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9155; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling september. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.36","score":{"value":20.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9156; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.44","score":{"value":21.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9157; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.99","score":{"value":22.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9158; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling december. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.74","score":{"value":21.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9159; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling march. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 23.37","score":{"value":23.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9160; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling april. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.14","score":{"value":25.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9161; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1930","score":{"value":1930,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12465; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 325.56","score":{"value":325.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12466; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 868.22","score":{"value":868.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12467; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 690.05","score":{"value":690.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12468; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 712.76","score":{"value":712.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12469; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 765.71","score":{"value":765.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12470; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 257.51","score":{"value":257.51,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12471; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2231","score":{"value":2231,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12472; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 289.97","score":{"value":289.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12473; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 648.31","score":{"value":648.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12474; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 483.91","score":{"value":483.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12475; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 454.25","score":{"value":454.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12476; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 457.84","score":{"value":457.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12477; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 199.81","score":{"value":199.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12478; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3902","score":{"value":3902,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12479; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 9751","score":{"value":9751,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12480; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 279.76","score":{"value":279.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12481; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 409.76","score":{"value":409.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12482; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 319.61","score":{"value":319.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12483; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 336.85","score":{"value":336.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12484; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 166.9","score":{"value":166.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12485; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Shafizadeh1977-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shafizadeh1977: Shafizadeh, F., Chin, P. P., & DeGroot, W. F. (1977). Effective heat content of green forest fuels. Forest Science, 23, 81-89.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shafizadeh1977","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.65","score":{"value":11.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17479; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-3; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5004.78564","score":{"value":5004.78564,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17997; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5382.41512","score":{"value":5382.41512,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18011; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Safdari2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Safdari2018: Safdari, M.-S., Rahmati, M., Amini, E., Howarth, J. E., Berryhill, J. P., Dietenberger, M., … Fletcher, T. H. (2018). Characterization of pyrolysis products from fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the Southern United States. Fuel, 229, 151–166.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Safdari2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.042","score":{"value":0.042,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18256; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-3; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0075","score":{"value":0.0075,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18257; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-3; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","CT","DE","FL","GA","LA","MA","MD","ME","MS","NC","NH","NJ","NY","PA","RI","SC","TX","VA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DE"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 DEL — Delaware"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","CT","DE","FL","GA","LA","MA","MD","ME","MS","NC","NH","NJ","NY","PA","RI","SC","TX","VA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ILGL","sourceTaxon":"Ilex glabra","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 74928, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ILGL","sourceTaxon":"Ilex glabra","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 74928, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ILGL","sourceTaxon":"Ilex glabra","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 74928, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"ncsu-ag874","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874)","sourceUrl":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"completeness":"complete","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The complete three-table AG-874 plant list is explicitly for North Carolina and contains 202 low-, medium-, or high-flammability rows. FireApproved accounts for all source rows under its strict taxonomy and lineage rules; source scope does not establish local suitability at a particular North Carolina site.","sourceVersion":"AG-874-reviewed-2025-03-26","asOf":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AL","AR","CT","DE","FL","GA","LA","MA","MD","ME","MS","NC","NH","NJ","NY","PA","RI","SC","TX","VA"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"5b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}