{"id":"iberis-sempervirens","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Iberis sempervirens","commonNames":["Candytuft"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Iberis sempervirens","family":"Brassicaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"IBSE","gbifKey":5551241,"itisTsn":503151,"wikidataQid":"Q159306","inatTaxonId":164028},"usdaZoneMin":"3a","usdaZoneMax":"9b","zoneSource":"pnw590","states":["ID","MI","NC","NH","NY","OR","TN","UT","WA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8566","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Iberis sempervirens","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cbt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=IBSE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"iberis-sempervirens","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"perennial:Iberis sempervirens","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, perennial row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Evergreen Candytuft profile (PDF page 10)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Candytuft","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Candytuft profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"IBSE","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 63208, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"perennial","matureHeightFt":1,"waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/iberis-sempervirens.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/121880275","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74565196","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Todd Boland, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"pnw-590","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2023","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","documentDate":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"anaheim-2018","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2018","url":"https://www.anaheim.net/DocumentCenter/View/26964/Fire-Resistive-Plant-Species","documentDate":"2018-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"AT RISK Firewise (3)","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ1","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-resistance score 8 of 10","score":{"value":8,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"sourcePlacement":{"value":"plantable at 30' from home","scheme":"idaho-distance"},"url":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for HIZ intermediate zone (10-30 m)","scheme":"firesmart-hiz"},"original":"pnw-590","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-resistant","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","condition":"irrigated","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed by at least two cited sources","claims":"Compilation marks: MT200101AG, USU NR/FF/002.","edition":"SP-05-16 (2005)","url":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","documentDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as a firewise plant for Utah landscapes","claims":"Source says the plant can be firewise when properly used and maintained.","edition":"2005 revision","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","documentDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","claims":"Listed among fire-resistant plant species adapted to Montana.","edition":"Current as of 4/22","url":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","documentDate":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 rows: Iberis sempervirens (Evergreen candytuft); Iberis sempervirens (Candytuft).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Iberis sempervirens is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-resistant plants that thrive in Willamette Valley growing conditions","claims":"The groundcovers profile lists Iberis sempervirens as Evergreen Candytuft. The profile prints USDA Hardiness Zone: 3–8.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Evergreen Candytuft profile (PDF page 10)","scheme":"osu-em-9103-profile"},"edition":"EM 9103, February 2015","url":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","documentDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-plant-profile-galleries","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Choose the right perennial plants for your fire-resistant landscape","claims":"The Candytuft profile prints Iberis sempervirens. The gallery points to PNW 590 for complete details.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Candytuft — Iberis sempervirens","scheme":"osu-2023-perennials-gallery"},"edition":"November 2023 educational gallery","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gallery/fire-resistant-plant-profiles-perennials","documentDate":"2023-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"csu-6305","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"ignitability score 8 of 10","score":{"value":8,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"claims":"CSU 6.305 table lists Iberis sempervirens 'Little Gem' (Little Gem evergreen) with the preserved ignitability score.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for defensible-space zones 1-2 (score 8+)","scheme":"csu-hiz"},"original":"idaho-firewise-master-db","edition":"2025","url":"https://csfs.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/CSFS_CSU-Ext_Fact-Sheets_IRLP_2025_081825-2_web_accessible.pdf","documentDate":"2025-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"relatively resistant to fire","claims":"Listed as Iberis sempervirens (Candytuft); Iberis sempervirens (Candytuft). The source says listed species exhibit stronger resistance to ignition by wildfires. Source comments: Prefers loam soil, and full sun or partial shade. pH adaptable","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Ground Covers; Herbaceous Annuals and Perennials","scheme":"Maryland Firewise plant-form tables"},"edition":"2015 archived PDF","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["ID","MI","NC","NH","NY","OR","TN","UT","WA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","MI","NC","NH","NY","OR","TN","UT","WA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"3a","usdaZoneMax":"9b","hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"iberis-sempervirens","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"perennial:Iberis sempervirens","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, perennial row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Evergreen Candytuft profile (PDF page 10)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Candytuft","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Candytuft profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"IBSE","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 63208, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"perennial:Iberis sempervirens","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, perennial row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Evergreen Candytuft profile (PDF page 10)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"perennials:Candytuft","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Candytuft profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"IBSE","sourceTaxon":"Iberis sempervirens","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 63208, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8566","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Iberis sempervirens","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021cbt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=IBSE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"csu-6305","sourceName":"Ignition-Resistant Landscape Plants (Fact Sheet 6.305)","sourceUrl":"https://csfs.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/CSFS_CSU-Ext_Fact-Sheets_IRLP_2025_081825-2_web_accessible.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Colorado State University Extension and the Colorado State Forest Service publish Fact Sheet 6.305 for Colorado's WUI and varied ecosystems. FireApproved exposes all 114 exact source owners at Colorado publication scope while retaining score, elevation, water, and Idaho-carrier lineage. Publication scope is not suitability for every Colorado site or zone.","sourceVersion":"CSFS-CSU-Fact-Sheet-6.305-2025-07","asOf":"2025-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","sourceName":"Fire Resistance of Plants Master Database","sourceUrl":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["Southern Idaho"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The official database labels itself \"For Southern Idaho\" and describes Idaho residents at the urban-rangeland interface. FireApproved publishes 419 existing plant owners that cite its scored rows. This bounded Southern Idaho scope is regional context, not statewide coverage or a conclusion that the score transfers unchanged to every Idaho site.","sourceVersion":"Idaho-Firewise-Southern-Idaho-Master-2013-11-08","asOf":"2013-11-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Maryland Forest Service says the list contains plants that can be grown in Maryland and identifies Maryland natives. FireApproved publishes 169 exact source owners from the 180 printed rows; an unrepresentable form and duplicate-owner rows are not broadened. The list calls itself non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every Maryland site.","sourceVersion":"Maryland-Firewise-Plants-2015-01-08","asOf":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/fire/docs/Firewise_Landscaping_Plants_for_NJ.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"New Jersey DEP publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in New Jersey and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every New Jersey site or override the Pinelands Commission's separate placement and fuel-break rules.","sourceVersion":"New-Jersey-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-archive-2025-09-01"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://wvforestry.com/pdf/Firewise%20Landscaping%20Plants%20for%20WV.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"West Virginia Division of Forestry publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in West Virginia and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and provides no comparative or site-specific rating.","sourceVersion":"West-Virginia-DOF-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-live-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Montana Landscapes (MontGuide MT200101AG)","sourceUrl":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The April 2022 MontGuide explicitly presents fire-resistant species adapted to Montana. FireApproved publishes 92 exact plant records from the source while retaining excluded genus, family, and unresolved rows; the guide itself says not every listed species grows in every part of the state.","sourceVersion":"MT200101AG-current-2022-04","asOf":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","sourceName":"Fire-resistant Landscape Plants for the Willamette Valley (EM 9103)","sourceUrl":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["Willamette Valley"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"OSU Extension says EM 9103 highlights fire-resistant plants that thrive under Willamette Valley growing conditions. FireApproved publishes 172 exact owners only as valley context. The guide shares the PNW 590 lineage and is not a second independent vote or statewide site clearance.","sourceVersion":"OSU-EM-9103-2015-02","asOf":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"pnw-590","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Home Landscapes (PNW 590)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The October 2023 joint Pacific Northwest Extension publication explicitly names Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and publishes more than 150 plant profiles. FireApproved has normalized 155 exact plant records from the source; publication scope does not assert that every listed plant suits every site within the three states.","sourceVersion":"PNW-590-October-2023","asOf":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"unr-compilation-good-plant-choices","sourceName":"A Compilation of Good Plant Choices for Nevada's High Fire Hazard Areas (SP-05-16)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4762","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Nevada Cooperative Extension compiled plants suited to Nevada climate zones and reported favorably by at least two upstream firewise lists. FireApproved publishes 126 exact source owners at Nevada publication scope. The source explicitly makes no independent flammability determination, so these rows remain corroborative.","sourceVersion":"UNR-Extension-SP-05-16-2005","asOf":"2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Utah State University Extension states that this fact sheet selects examples for Utah landscapes and that they require proper placement and maintenance. FireApproved publishes 83 exact source owners at Utah publication scope. The table is not a site-specific planting clearance.","sourceVersion":"USU-NR-FF-002-2005-02","asOf":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"irrigated","evidence":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","evidenceIndex":5}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}