{"id":"heteropogon-contortus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Heteropogon contortus","commonNames":["Heteropogon contortus"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Heteropogon contortus","family":"Poaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"HECO10","gbifKey":5290179},"usdaZoneMin":"7b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AZ","CA","FL","HI","NM","PR","TX","VI"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARI — Arizona"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — 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Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Simpson2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.24","score":{"value":1.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12789; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Simpson2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04","score":{"value":0.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12842; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Simpson2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03","score":{"value":0.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12843; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Simpson2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.73","score":{"value":4.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12890; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Simpson2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.1","score":{"value":5.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12891; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. 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characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"regulated","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:CA:181","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Heteropogon contortus","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"CA-restricted","label":"Restricted noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Restricted","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"CA","sourceRow":181,"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:CA:066","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Tanglehead","printedScientificName":"Heteropogon contortus","category":"restricted","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AZ","CA","FL","HI","NM","PR","TX"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"7b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}