{"id":"hedycarya-arborea","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Hedycarya arborea","commonNames":["Pigeonwood","Porokaiwhiri"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Hedycarya arborea","family":"Monimiaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":3783024,"wikidataQid":"Q15295926","inatTaxonId":402414},"regions":["New Zealand"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/hedycarya-arborea.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/43887960","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/28165307","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low/moderate flammability","claims":"Low/moderate flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1405; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 279.8","score":{"value":279.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1599; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 2.7","score":{"value":2.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1793; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 9.2","score":{"value":9.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1987; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 124.08","score":{"value":124.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8403; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 212.38","score":{"value":212.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8404; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 162.7","score":{"value":162.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8618; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 298.02","score":{"value":298.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8619; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 37.07","score":{"value":37.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8833; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 26.69","score":{"value":26.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8834; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-12; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}