{"id":"hedera-helix","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Hedera helix","commonNames":["English ivy"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Hedera helix","family":"Araliaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"HEHE","gbifKey":8351737,"itisTsn":29393,"wikidataQid":"Q26354","inatTaxonId":55882},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AL","AR","AZ","CA","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","ID","IL","IN","KY","LA","MA","MD","MI","MO","MS","NC","NJ","NY","OH","OR","PA","SC","TN","TX","UT","VA","WA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 70 — Subarctic America","TDWG level 3 ASK — Alaska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — 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Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSO — Missouri"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New 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Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 UTA — Utah"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"AK","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DE"]},"authority":"Delaware Department of Agriculture","source":"delaware-3-de-admin-code-806-2026","sourceRecordId":"delaware:806:invasive:006","sourceVersion":"3-DE-Admin-Code-806-amended-effective-2026-05-11-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"3 DE Admin. Code 806 § 3.1","label":"Invasive Plant List — specified viable-material activities prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://agriculture.delaware.gov/plant-industries/nursery-inspection/","https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html","https://regulations.delaware.gov/api/register/May2026/428efbc1-23e5-47a9-b127-094062022717","https://regulations.delaware.gov/api/register/March2026/de3aa728-afd8-4d61-8545-2609efcc0ca0"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may import, export, buy, sell, transport, distribute, or propagate any viable portion, including seeds, of a plant on the Invasive Plant List without the Secretary's prior written approval.","effectiveOn":"2022-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"The Secretary may provide prior written approval for disposal, control, research or education, or export for one of those purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa-with-exceptions","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank primary source name; source synonyms, subordinate taxa, and current named cultivar exemptions do not create separate positive or clearance records"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["AK"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-AK-Plantae5804","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-02T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["Alaska Exotic Plants Information Clearinghouse (AKEPIC) (2021), https://accs.uaa.alaska.edu/invasive-species/non-native-plant-species-list"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae8376","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021bvt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HEHE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8377","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021bvt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HEHE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"hedera-helix","sourceTaxon":"Hedera helix","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"10","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"groundcover:Hedera helix","sourceTaxon":"Hedera helix","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, groundcover row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"4b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-23,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"HEHE","sourceTaxon":"Hedera helix","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 74732, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"vine","matureHeightFt":40,"sun":"part","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/hedera-helix.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/38428455","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/24846027","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Marianna Boi, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Roots in any surface at nodes-destroys morter in brick and stone buildings-damages trees if allowed to grow on trunks.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"L flammability","claims":"Marginally cold hardy; sun and shade tolerant; can be invasive; cosmetic disease sensitive.","edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (climbers, native/forest column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as a firewise plant for Utah landscapes","claims":"Source says the plant can be firewise when properly used and maintained.","edition":"2005 revision","url":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","documentDate":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"onf-dfci-haies-2012","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Faible fire sensitivity","claims":"The fiche's overall sensitivity combines experimental-bench inflammability, intensity, and combustion measurements with foresters' observations of fire damage.","claimOriginal":"Sensibilité au feu : Faible","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2012","url":"https://www.biot.fr/media-file/1393/guide-dfci-haies.pdf","documentDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Hedera helix (English ivy).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"la-arboretum-fire-retardant-hillside-1970","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"CATEGORY 4 — LEAST FIRE RETARDANCE Plants with medium leaf moisture content capacity (60-70%)","claims":"Hedera helix (English Ivy) is one of 30 low-growing plants in the source's recommended Table 1. The category reflects leaf moisture capacity under normal garden conditions at the Arboretum.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Category 4","scheme":"la-arboretum-1970-leaf-moisture-fire-retardance"},"edition":"LASCA Leaves, September 1970","url":"https://arboretum.org/issue/lasca-leaves-september-1970/","documentDate":"1970-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"MUY RECOMENDADA","claims":"Hedera helix is rated “MUY RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Conflicting information on fire performance.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Hedera helix (English ivy). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: C16.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 207.34","score":{"value":207.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2181; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dahanayake2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dahanayake2018: Dahanayake, K. C., & Chow, C. L. (2018). Moisture Content, Ignitability, and Fire Risk of Vegetation in Vertical Greenery Systems. Fire Ecology, 14, 125-142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dahanayake2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 150.8","score":{"value":150.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2182; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dahanayake2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dahanayake2018: Dahanayake, K. C., & Chow, C. L. (2018). Moisture Content, Ignitability, and Fire Risk of Vegetation in Vertical Greenery Systems. Fire Ecology, 14, 125-142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dahanayake2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 159.17","score":{"value":159.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2183; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dahanayake2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dahanayake2018: Dahanayake, K. C., & Chow, C. L. (2018). Moisture Content, Ignitability, and Fire Risk of Vegetation in Vertical Greenery Systems. Fire Ecology, 14, 125-142.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dahanayake2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 200","score":{"value":200,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2190; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dahanayake2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dahanayake2018: Dahanayake, K. C., & Chow, C. L. (2018). Moisture Content, Ignitability, and Fire Risk of Vegetation in Vertical Greenery Systems. 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Code 806 § 3.1","label":"Invasive Plant List — specified viable-material activities prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://agriculture.delaware.gov/plant-industries/nursery-inspection/","https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html","https://regulations.delaware.gov/api/register/May2026/428efbc1-23e5-47a9-b127-094062022717","https://regulations.delaware.gov/api/register/March2026/de3aa728-afd8-4d61-8545-2609efcc0ca0"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may import, export, buy, sell, transport, distribute, or propagate any viable portion, including seeds, of a plant on the Invasive Plant List without the Secretary's prior written approval.","effectiveOn":"2022-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"The Secretary may provide prior written approval for disposal, control, research or education, or export for one of those purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c029/index.html"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa-with-exceptions","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank primary source name; source synonyms, subordinate taxa, and current named cultivar exemptions do not create separate positive or clearance records"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["AK"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-AK-Plantae5804","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-02T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["Alaska Exotic Plants Information Clearinghouse (AKEPIC) (2021), https://accs.uaa.alaska.edu/invasive-species/non-native-plant-species-list"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae8376","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021bvt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HEHE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae8377","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Hedera helix","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021bvt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HEHE"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"usu-firewise-plants-utah","sourceName":"Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.usu.edu/smallfarms/files/FirewisePlantsUtLandscapes.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["UT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Utah State University Extension states that this fact sheet selects examples for Utah landscapes and that they require proper placement and maintenance. FireApproved publishes 83 exact source owners at Utah publication scope. The table is not a site-specific planting clearance.","sourceVersion":"USU-NR-FF-002-2005-02","asOf":"2005-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"la-arboretum-fire-retardant-hillside-1970","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://arboretum.org/issue/lasca-leaves-september-1970/","claims":"Hedera helix (English Ivy) is one of 30 low-growing plants in the source's recommended Table 1. The category reflects leaf moisture capacity under normal garden conditions at the Arboretum.","evidenceIndex":6}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"DE","status":"noxious-listed","source":"delaware-3-de-admin-code-806-2026"},{"state":"AK","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}