{"id":"hakea-tephrosperma","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Hakea tephrosperma","commonNames":["Hakea tephrosperma"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Hakea tephrosperma","family":"Proteaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":7972648},"regions":["Australia"],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.71","score":{"value":12.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4074; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4106; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 14.28","score":{"value":14.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4138; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 17.28","score":{"value":17.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4170; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.98","score":{"value":21.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4202; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.89","score":{"value":16.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4234; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 13.44","score":{"value":13.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4266; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 3.45","score":{"value":3.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4298; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.02","score":{"value":7.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4329; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 4.29","score":{"value":4.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4359; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 12.41","score":{"value":12.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4389; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.7","score":{"value":16.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4419; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Grootemaat2015: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Cornwell, W. K. (2015). Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species. Functional Ecology, 29, 1486-1497.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 724","score":{"value":724,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4436; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94.05","score":{"value":94.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4447; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.08","score":{"value":0.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4456; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 751.71","score":{"value":751.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4475; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.06","score":{"value":0.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4499; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 93.4","score":{"value":93.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4525; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017a-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017a: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I .J., Van Bodegom, P. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds. Oikos, 126, 1428-1438.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Grootemaat2017a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}