{"id":"galium-boreale","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Galium boreale","commonNames":["Northern Bedstraw"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Galium boreale","family":"Rubiaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"GABO2","gbifKey":2914338,"itisTsn":565204,"wikidataQid":"Q158947","inatTaxonId":77188},"usdaZoneMin":"3b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DE","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","ND","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Northern Bedstraw profile (PDF page 71)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"GABO2","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 47786, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"groundcover","matureHeightFt":3,"waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/galium-boreale.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/81824362","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51497665","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Nathan Aaron, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-resistance score 8 of 10","score":{"value":8,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"sourcePlacement":{"value":"plantable at 30' from home","scheme":"idaho-distance"},"url":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","claims":"Flagged by FireSmart BC as needing more research.","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-resistant plants that thrive in Willamette Valley growing conditions","claims":"The perennials profile lists Galium boreale as Northern Bedstraw. The profile prints USDA Hardiness Zone: 4–8.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Northern Bedstraw profile (PDF page 71)","scheme":"osu-em-9103-profile"},"edition":"EM 9103, February 2015","url":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","documentDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"csu-6305","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"ignitability score 8 of 10","score":{"value":8,"scale":"idaho-0-10"},"claims":"CSU 6.305 table lists Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) with the preserved ignitability score.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for defensible-space zones 1-2 (score 8+)","scheme":"csu-hiz"},"original":"idaho-firewise-master-db","edition":"2025","url":"https://csfs.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/CSFS_CSU-Ext_Fact-Sheets_IRLP_2025_081825-2_web_accessible.pdf","documentDate":"2025-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DE","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","ND","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DE","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","ND","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"3b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Northern Bedstraw profile (PDF page 71)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"GABO2","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 47786, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Northern Bedstraw profile (PDF page 71)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"GABO2","sourceTaxon":"Galium boreale","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 47786, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"csu-6305","sourceName":"Ignition-Resistant Landscape Plants (Fact Sheet 6.305)","sourceUrl":"https://csfs.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/CSFS_CSU-Ext_Fact-Sheets_IRLP_2025_081825-2_web_accessible.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CO"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Colorado State University Extension and the Colorado State Forest Service publish Fact Sheet 6.305 for Colorado's WUI and varied ecosystems. FireApproved exposes all 114 exact source owners at Colorado publication scope while retaining score, elevation, water, and Idaho-carrier lineage. Publication scope is not suitability for every Colorado site or zone.","sourceVersion":"CSFS-CSU-Fact-Sheet-6.305-2025-07","asOf":"2025-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"idaho-firewise-master-db","sourceName":"Fire Resistance of Plants Master Database","sourceUrl":"https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["Southern Idaho"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The official database labels itself \"For Southern Idaho\" and describes Idaho residents at the urban-rangeland interface. FireApproved publishes 419 existing plant owners that cite its scored rows. This bounded Southern Idaho scope is regional context, not statewide coverage or a conclusion that the score transfers unchanged to every Idaho site.","sourceVersion":"Idaho-Firewise-Southern-Idaho-Master-2013-11-08","asOf":"2013-11-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","sourceName":"Fire-resistant Landscape Plants for the Willamette Valley (EM 9103)","sourceUrl":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["Willamette Valley"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"OSU Extension says EM 9103 highlights fire-resistant plants that thrive under Willamette Valley growing conditions. FireApproved publishes 172 exact owners only as valley context. The guide shares the PNW 590 lineage and is not a second independent vote or statewide site clearance.","sourceVersion":"OSU-EM-9103-2015-02","asOf":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}