{"id":"fraxinus-ornus-rotundifolia","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Fraxinus ornus 'Rotundifolia'","commonNames":["Singleleaf ash"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Fraxinus ornus","family":"Oleaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"FROR2","gbifKey":3172347,"itisTsn":505982,"wikidataQid":"Q161421","inatTaxonId":319281},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"fraxinus-ornus-rotundifolia","sourceTaxon":"Fraxinus ornus 'Rotundifolia'","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":25,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/fraxinus-ornus-rotundifolia.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/554642570","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/307492694","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Ioannis Magouras, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Firewise (1)","claims":"Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Extremely flammable (Valette 5)","score":{"value":5,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Table 2 reports 106.76% foliar moisture, 6.7 s mean time to ignition, and 10.06 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2017","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9297; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 10.06","score":{"value":10.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9315; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9333; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.86","score":{"value":7.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10493; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 10.78","score":{"value":10.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10494; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10495; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10496; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 41.02","score":{"value":41.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10906; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Rasooli2021-1; sampling november. Primary study Rasooli2021: Rasooli, S. B., Rashidi, S., & Shabanian, N. (2021). Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 1167-1176.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Rasooli2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 31.15","score":{"value":31.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10907; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Rasooli2021-1; sampling november. Primary study Rasooli2021: Rasooli, S. B., Rashidi, S., & Shabanian, N. (2021). Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 1167-1176.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Rasooli2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 124.49","score":{"value":124.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10918; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Rasooli2021-1; sampling november. Primary study Rasooli2021: Rasooli, S. B., Rashidi, S., & Shabanian, N. (2021). Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 1167-1176.","original":"Rasooli2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 40.33","score":{"value":40.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10919; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Rasooli2021-1; sampling november. Primary study Rasooli2021: Rasooli, S. B., Rashidi, S., & Shabanian, N. (2021). Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 1167-1176.","original":"Rasooli2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.51","score":{"value":12.51,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10926; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Rasooli2021-1; sampling july. Primary study Rasooli2021: Rasooli, S. B., Rashidi, S., & Shabanian, N. (2021). Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 32, 1167-1176.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Rasooli2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"fraxinus-ornus-rotundifolia","sourceTaxon":"Fraxinus ornus 'Rotundifolia'","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"fraxinus-ornus-rotundifolia","sourceTaxon":"Fraxinus ornus 'Rotundifolia'","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","claims":"Table 2 reports 106.76% foliar moisture, 6.7 s mean time to ignition, and 10.06 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","evidenceIndex":1}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}