{"id":"fraxinus-mandshurica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Fraxinus mandshurica","commonNames":["Manchurian ash"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Fraxinus mandshurica","family":"Oleaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"FRMA5","gbifKey":6433032},"regions":["China","Korea"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/fraxinus-mandshurica.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/8338878","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Marco Mussita, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Marco Mussita","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"shan-2003-leaf-fire-ranking","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Author-named best fire resistance","claims":"The authors place 水曲柳 among the ten taxa with the best fire resistance after factor analysis of six litter-leaf traits.","claimOriginal":"抗火性最好","plantPart":"litter","condition":"cured","edition":"2003","url":"https://html.rhhz.net/linyekexue/html/20030118.htm","documentDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 400.27","score":{"value":400.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12391; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Seo2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Seo2016: Seo, H.J., Park, J.-E., & Son, D.W. (2016). Combustion and thermal characteristics of Korean wood species. BioResources, 11, 7537-7550.","original":"Seo2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 102.95","score":{"value":102.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12392; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Seo2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Seo2016: Seo, H.J., Park, J.-E., & Son, D.W. (2016). Combustion and thermal characteristics of Korean wood species. BioResources, 11, 7537-7550.","original":"Seo2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40","score":{"value":40,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12393; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Seo2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Seo2016: Seo, H.J., Park, J.-E., & Son, D.W. (2016). Combustion and thermal characteristics of Korean wood species. BioResources, 11, 7537-7550.","original":"Seo2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 90.62","score":{"value":90.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12394; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Seo2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Seo2016: Seo, H.J., Park, J.-E., & Son, D.W. (2016). Combustion and thermal characteristics of Korean wood species. BioResources, 11, 7537-7550.","original":"Seo2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 268","score":{"value":268,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12602; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device ignition temperature tester; site Shan2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shan2008: Shan, Y., Liu, N., & Shu, L. (2008). Flammability ranking of foliage species by factor analysis of physical and chemical pyric properties. Fire and Materials: An International Journal, 32, 371-382.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shan2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4463.43","score":{"value":4463.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12603; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Shan2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shan2008: Shan, Y., Liu, N., & Shu, L. (2008). Flammability ranking of foliage species by factor analysis of physical and chemical pyric properties. Fire and Materials: An International Journal, 32, 371-382.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Shan2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"cured","evidence":[{"source":"shan-2003-leaf-fire-ranking","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://html.rhhz.net/linyekexue/html/20030118.htm","claims":"The authors place 水曲柳 among the ten taxa with the best fire resistance after factor analysis of six litter-leaf traits.","evidenceIndex":0}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}