{"id":"festuca-arundinacea","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Festuca arundinacea","commonNames":["Fescue, Tall"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Lolium arundinaceum","family":"Poaceae","synonyms":["Festuca arundinacea"],"ids":{"usdaSymbol":"SCAR7","gbifKey":2706231,"itisTsn":507979,"wikidataQid":"Q50346809","inatTaxonId":164708},"usdaZoneMin":"4b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AK","AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","ID","IL","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MS","MT","NC","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-23,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"SCAR7","sourceTaxon":"Festuca arundinacea","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 25394, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"grass","matureHeightFt":2,"waterNeed":"high","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/festuca-arundinacea.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/106303495","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65998620","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Георгий Виноградов (Georgy Vinogradov), some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for HIZ intermediate zone (10-30 m)","scheme":"firesmart-hiz"},"url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","claims":"Listed among fire-resistant plant species adapted to Montana.","edition":"Current as of 4/22","url":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","documentDate":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AK","AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","ID","IL","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MS","MT","NC","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK","AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","HI","IA","ID","IL","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MS","MT","NC","NE","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-23,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"SCAR7","sourceTaxon":"Festuca arundinacea","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 25394, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"4b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-23,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"SCAR7","sourceTaxon":"Festuca arundinacea","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 25394, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-23,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"SCAR7","sourceTaxon":"Festuca arundinacea","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 25394, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"msu-montguide-mt200101ag","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Montana Landscapes (MontGuide MT200101AG)","sourceUrl":"https://extension-store.montana.edu/montguides/fire-resistant-plants-for-montana-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The April 2022 MontGuide explicitly presents fire-resistant species adapted to Montana. FireApproved publishes 92 exact plant records from the source while retaining excluded genus, family, and unresolved rows; the guide itself says not every listed species grows in every part of the state.","sourceVersion":"MT200101AG-current-2022-04","asOf":"2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{"NJ":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:036"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures","seedKindScope":"lawn-and-turf-seed","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:029","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:040","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:041","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:042","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:NJ:047"],"printedCommonName":"Tall fescue","printedScientificName":"Festuca arundinacea"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."},"PA":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:PA:048"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted (Undesirable Grass Seeds) in lawn and turf seeds","seedKindScope":"lawn-and-turf-seed","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:PA:053","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:PA:054","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:PA:055"],"printedCommonName":"Fescue, tall","printedScientificName":"Festuca arundinacea"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Restricted (Undesirable Grass Seeds) in lawn and turf seeds” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."},"VA":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:VA:035"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted - Lawn and turf seed only","seedKindScope":"lawn-and-turf-seed","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:VA:040","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:VA:041"],"printedCommonName":"Fescue, tall","printedScientificName":"Festuca arundinacea"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Restricted - Lawn and turf seed only” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."},"WV":{"outcome":"scope-unresolved","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:068"],"scopeEvidence":[{"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted Noxious-weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixture","seedKindScope":"lawn-and-turf-seed","scopeNoteRecordIds":["usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:059","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:079","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:080","usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:081"],"printedCommonName":"Tall fescue","printedScientificName":"Festuca arundinacea"}],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","heading":"Seed-list name scope unresolved","message":"An exact source taxon is governed by “Restricted Noxious-weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixture” or an applicable source note, so the qualified row is held instead of publishing an unconditional result."}}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"4b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}