{"id":"cupressus-funebris","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Cupressus funebris","commonNames":["Mourning Cypress"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Cupressus funebris","family":"Cupressaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CUFU2","gbifKey":2684076,"itisTsn":822615,"wikidataQid":"Q149709","inatTaxonId":136132},"regions":["China","Tasmania, Australia"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/cupressus-funebris.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/12485561","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Melburnian, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"tfs-fire-resisting","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High Flammability","sourcePlacement":{"value":"remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone","scheme":"tfs-bpz"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/mysite/publications/1709%20Brochure.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 145.67","score":{"value":145.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7051; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 28.74","score":{"value":28.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7077; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04","score":{"value":0.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7103; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 962.55","score":{"value":962.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7129; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 1.43","score":{"value":1.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7155; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 88.86","score":{"value":88.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7181; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke release rate (m²/s): 0.4","score":{"value":0.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke release rate (m²/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7207; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg): 84.61","score":{"value":84.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7233; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 11.33","score":{"value":11.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7259; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Liu2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liu2013: Liu, M., Yi, L., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Jiang, H., & Li, X. (2013). Combustibility of fresh leaves of 26 forest species in China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 528-536.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Liu2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 192","score":{"value":192,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19589; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 258","score":{"value":258,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19590; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 317","score":{"value":317,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19591; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 70","score":{"value":70,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19592; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 85","score":{"value":85,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19593; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 101","score":{"value":101,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19594; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 24","score":{"value":24,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19595; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19596; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 31","score":{"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19597; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 193.95","score":{"value":193.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19652; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 164.41","score":{"value":164.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19653; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 166.38","score":{"value":166.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19654; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 206.76","score":{"value":206.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19655; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 221.63","score":{"value":221.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19656; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 179.91","score":{"value":179.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19657; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 303.76","score":{"value":303.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19658; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 290.35","score":{"value":290.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19659; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 251.81","score":{"value":251.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19660; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.93","score":{"value":13.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19715; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.89","score":{"value":13.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19716; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 9.88","score":{"value":9.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19717; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.59","score":{"value":13.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19718; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.87","score":{"value":13.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19719; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 12.85","score":{"value":12.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19720; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 15.87","score":{"value":15.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19721; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 13.5","score":{"value":13.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19722; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 10.42","score":{"value":10.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19723; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1168","score":{"value":1168,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19778; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1159","score":{"value":1159,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19779; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1423","score":{"value":1423,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19780; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 706","score":{"value":706,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19781; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 751","score":{"value":751,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19782; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 992","score":{"value":992,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19783; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 402","score":{"value":402,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19784; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 746","score":{"value":746,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19785; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 802","score":{"value":802,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19786; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-2; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20","original":"Yang2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}