{"id":"cupressus-arizonica-var-arizonica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","commonNames":["Arizona cypress"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Cupressus arizonica","family":"Cupressaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CUAR","gbifKey":2683969,"itisTsn":183464,"wikidataQid":"Q670040","inatTaxonId":57888},"usdaZoneMin":"6a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AZ","CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","NM","NV","OH","PA","PR","TX","UT","WV"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"cupressus-arizonica-var-arizonica","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CUAR","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15078, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":50,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"low","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/cupressus-arizonica-var-arizonica.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/596077126","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/328894839","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Rogelio Reyna-Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Fragrant blue foliage. Scale needles are smooth to touch. Showy reddish or yellow exfoliating bark.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Tolerates hot, dry conditions.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"valette-1990","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"INRA inflammability note 1 of 5 (July-September maximum)","score":{"value":1,"scale":"inra-0-5"},"claims":"Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon).","claimOriginal":"faiblement inflammable","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"1990","url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03426210","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Very flammable (Valette 4)","score":{"value":4,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Table 2 reports 97.7% foliar moisture, 16.48 s mean time to ignition, and 12.06 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2017","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 101.73","score":{"value":101.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3654; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 274.73","score":{"value":274.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3669; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3684; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame propagation: 3.3","score":{"value":3.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame propagation"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3699; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 32.71","score":{"value":32.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3714; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3729; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 30.5","score":{"value":30.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3744; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2018-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2018: Ganteaume, A. (2018). Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 342-352.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 39.29","score":{"value":39.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3759; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021a-1; sampling january to februaty and april to may. Primary study Ganteaume2021a: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Ormeño, E., & Lecareux, C. (2021). Volatile and semi-volatile terpenes impact leaf flammability: differences according to the level of terpene identification. Chemoecology, 31, 259-275.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 476.55","score":{"value":476.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3763; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021a-1; sampling january to februaty and april to may. Primary study Ganteaume2021a: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Ormeño, E., & Lecareux, C. (2021). Volatile and semi-volatile terpenes impact leaf flammability: differences according to the level of terpene identification. Chemoecology, 31, 259-275.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 9.28","score":{"value":9.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3767; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021a-1; sampling january to februaty and april to may. Primary study Ganteaume2021a: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Ormeño, E., & Lecareux, C. (2021). Volatile and semi-volatile terpenes impact leaf flammability: differences according to the level of terpene identification. Chemoecology, 31, 259-275.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 360.23","score":{"value":360.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3771; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021a-1; sampling january to februaty and april to may. Primary study Ganteaume2021a: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Ormeño, E., & Lecareux, C. (2021). Volatile and semi-volatile terpenes impact leaf flammability: differences according to the level of terpene identification. Chemoecology, 31, 259-275.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40.62","score":{"value":40.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3776; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling winter. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 34.94","score":{"value":34.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3777; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling spring. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40.9","score":{"value":40.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3778; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 442.06","score":{"value":442.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3788; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling winter. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 532.62","score":{"value":532.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3789; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling spring. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 455.62","score":{"value":455.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3790; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.97","score":{"value":6.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3800; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling winter. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 9.58","score":{"value":9.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3801; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling spring. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 11.02","score":{"value":11.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3802; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Ganteaume2021b-1; sampling summer. Primary study Ganteaume2021b: Ganteaume, A., Romero, B., Ormeño, E., Lecareux, C., & Fernandez, C. (2021). Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation? in review, preprint.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Ganteaume2021b","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 16.48","score":{"value":16.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9294; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 12.06","score":{"value":12.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9312; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9330; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11331; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 569.2","score":{"value":569.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11337; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 12.6","score":{"value":12.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11343; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 382.3","score":{"value":382.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11349; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11355; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 41.3","score":{"value":41.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11361; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 454.2","score":{"value":454.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11368; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 11.1","score":{"value":11.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11375; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 375.9","score":{"value":375.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11383; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11390; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Romero2019-1; sampling july. Primary study Romero2019: Romero, B., Fernandez, C., Lecareux, C., Ormeño, E., & Ganteaume, A. (2019). How terpene content affects fuel flammability of wildland–urban interface vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 614.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Romero2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13341; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13342; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Fire-Prone Plants","claims":"Listed as Arizona Cypress — Cupressus arizonica. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high","claims":"The table rates Cypress, Arizona — Cypressus arizonica high for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Avoid if Possible","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"},"edition":"updated January 14, 2015","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session). iNaturalist lists Cupressus arizonica under Hesperocyparis arizonica."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","NM","NV","OH","PA","PR","TX","UT","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","CA","DC","DE","MD","NJ","NM","NV","OH","PA","PR","TX","UT","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"cupressus-arizonica-var-arizonica","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CUAR","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15078, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CUAR","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15078, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"cupressus-arizonica-var-arizonica","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-13,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CUAR","sourceTaxon":"Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15078, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Guide","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Sun City Texas, Georgetown"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The guide is authored for the Sun City Texas community in Georgetown. FireApproved publishes 142 exact owners only as community-level context. It is an archived HOA exhibit with unknown rating lineage, not a current statewide Texas source or an independent Tier 1 determination.","sourceVersion":"Sun-City-Texas-Firewise-guide-2015-01-14","asOf":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","claims":"Table 2 reports 97.7% foliar moisture, 16.48 s mean time to ignition, and 12.06 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","evidenceIndex":3}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"5b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}