{"id":"cryptocarya-alba","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Cryptocarya alba","commonNames":["Peumo"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Cryptocarya alba","family":"Lauraceae","ids":{"gbifKey":4178741},"regions":["Chile"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/cryptocarya-alba.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/33110825","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21403702","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Nicolás Lavandero, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"guerrero-2020-valparaiso-thermo","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"HHV class 4 (high risk)","score":{"value":4,"scale":"hhv-risk-1-5"},"claims":"The paper applies the published HHV risk scale and reports a mean leaf flash point of 205 °C; flash-point precision is explicitly described as low.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2020","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340890318_Thermo-_and_physicochemical_properties_of_native_and_exotic_forest_species_of_Valparaiso_Chile_as_essential_information_for_fire_risk_management","documentDate":"2020-04-24T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"valparaiso-2021-leaf-thermal-chemical","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Extremely flammable (FI 5)","score":{"value":5,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"All 50 live-leaf samples ignited; mean ignition time was 6.85 s.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2021","url":"https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-18-07191/article_deploy/ijerph-18-07191-v2.pdf","documentDate":"2021-07-05T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.66","score":{"value":6.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4616; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.62","score":{"value":8.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4621; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 42.58","score":{"value":42.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4626; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4631; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4636; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4989.49","score":{"value":4989.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4641; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Guerrero2021-1; sampling summer. Primary study Guerrero2021: Guerrero, F., Hernández, C., Toledo, M., Espinoza, L., Carrasco, Y., Arriagada, A., ... Carmona, C. (2021). Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability of native and exotic tree species of the valparaíso region, Chile. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18, 7191.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guerrero2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"guerrero-2020-valparaiso-thermo","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340890318_Thermo-_and_physicochemical_properties_of_native_and_exotic_forest_species_of_Valparaiso_Chile_as_essential_information_for_fire_risk_management","claims":"The paper applies the published HHV risk scale and reports a mean leaf flash point of 205 °C; flash-point precision is explicitly described as low.","evidenceIndex":0},{"source":"valparaiso-2021-leaf-thermal-chemical","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-18-07191/article_deploy/ijerph-18-07191-v2.pdf","claims":"All 50 live-leaf samples ignited; mean ignition time was 6.85 s.","evidenceIndex":1}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}