{"id":"crataegus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Crataegus","commonNames":["Hawthorn"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Crataegus","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CRATA","gbifKey":3013395,"itisTsn":24539,"wikidataQid":"Q132557","inatTaxonId":51148},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":"7b","zoneSource":"pnw590","states":["ID","OR","WA"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Crataegus spp.","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Hawthorn","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Hawthorn profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/crataegus.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/205179035","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121265934","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"pnw-590","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2023","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","documentDate":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"low flammability","edition":"2025","url":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for HIZ extended zone (30-100 m)","scheme":"firesmart-hiz"},"original":"pnw-590","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ut-sp685","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed Firewise plant","url":"https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/SP685.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lsu-hammond","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended for firewise landscaping in Louisiana","edition":"c. 2005-2010","url":"https://www.lsuagcenter.com/portals/our_offices/research_stations/hammond/features/research-updates/firewise-landscaping","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"onf-dfci-haies-2012","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Moyenne fire sensitivity","claims":"The fiche's overall sensitivity combines experimental-bench inflammability, intensity, and combustion measurements with foresters' observations of fire damage.","claimOriginal":"Sensibilité au feu : Moyenne","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2012","url":"https://www.biot.fr/media-file/1393/guide-dfci-haies.pdf","documentDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-plant-profile-galleries","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Choose the right trees for your fire-resistant landscape","claims":"The Hawthorn profile prints Crataegus species. The gallery points to PNW 590 for complete details.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Hawthorn — Crataegus spp.","scheme":"osu-2023-trees-gallery"},"edition":"November 2023 educational gallery","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gallery/fire-resistant-plant-profiles-trees","documentDate":"2023-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fremont-county-wy-firewise-list","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fremont County Firewise Plant List — Crataegus spp, — Hawthorn (Several Native)","claims":"Listed in the source's Large Shrubs and Trees section; the page describes its listed Firewise plants as generally low-growing, low-debris, and relatively moist.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"web page (server last-modified 2011-02-25)","url":"http://www.fremontcountyfirewise.com/WyomingFirewisePlantList.htm","documentDate":"2011-02-25T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plants","claims":"Listed as Hawthorn — Crataegus sp.. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"relatively resistant to fire","claims":"Listed as Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn). The source says listed species exhibit stronger resistance to ignition by wildfires. Source comments: Not drought resistant","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Deciduous Trees","scheme":"Maryland Firewise plant-form tables"},"edition":"2015 archived PDF","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firewise-black-hills-sd-plantlist","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Large shrubs & trees: Hawthorn (several native) — Crataegus spp.","claims":"The introduction describes all table entries as fire-resistive plants that can be used in landscaping.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Large shrubs & trees","scheme":"black-hills-plant-form-table"},"edition":"2004 scan / 2007 archive","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035957/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/south_dakota.pdf","documentDate":"2004-11-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["ID","OR","WA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":"7b","hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Crataegus spp.","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Hawthorn","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Hawthorn profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Crataegus spp.","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Crataegus spp.","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"4","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Hawthorn","sourceTaxon":"Crataegus spp.","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Hawthorn profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"firewise-black-hills-sd-plantlist","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Material for the Black Hills","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035957/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/south_dakota.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["SD"],"regions":["Black Hills"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The page explicitly limits itself to the Black Hills, and NFPA Firewise's archived 2006 plant-list index files it under South Dakota. FireApproved publishes 47 exact genus or species owners from 48 printed rows. This is bounded Black Hills context, not statewide South Dakota coverage or a finding that a plant suits a particular site.","sourceVersion":"firewise-black-hills-scan-2004-11-30"},{"source":"fremont-county-wy-firewise-list","sourceName":"Fremont County Firewise Plant List","sourceUrl":"http://www.fremontcountyfirewise.com/WyomingFirewisePlantList.htm","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["WY"],"regions":["Fremont County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The source identifies itself as the Fremont County Firewise Plant List. FireApproved publishes its 92 exact source owners as Fremont County regional context. No methodology, current county endorsement, statewide Wyoming scope, or site-specific suitability is inferred.","sourceVersion":"Fremont-County-Firewise-Plant-List-2011-02-25","asOf":"2011-02-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lsu-hammond","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (Hammond Research Station)","sourceUrl":"https://www.lsuagcenter.com/portals/our_offices/research_stations/hammond/features/research-updates/firewise-landscaping","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"LSU AgCenter calls these 31 ornamentals commonly used in Louisiana and recommended for Louisiana firewise landscaping efforts. FireApproved publishes 31 exact source owners, mostly at the source's genus grain. Undocumented curation remains corroborative and is not site suitability.","sourceVersion":"LSU-Hammond-Firewise-Landscaping-2008-12-02","asOf":"2008-12-02T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250408035155/https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/documents/fire/firewise_plants.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Maryland Forest Service says the list contains plants that can be grown in Maryland and identifies Maryland natives. FireApproved publishes 169 exact source owners from the 180 printed rows; an unrepresentable form and duplicate-owner rows are not broadened. The list calls itself non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every Maryland site.","sourceVersion":"Maryland-Firewise-Plants-2015-01-08","asOf":"2015-01-08T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/fire/docs/Firewise_Landscaping_Plants_for_NJ.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"New Jersey DEP publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in New Jersey and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and does not establish suitability for every New Jersey site or override the Pinelands Commission's separate placement and fuel-break rules.","sourceVersion":"New-Jersey-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-archive-2025-09-01"},{"source":"mdfs-firewise-landscaping-plants","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions)","sourceUrl":"https://wvforestry.com/pdf/Firewise%20Landscaping%20Plants%20for%20WV.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"West Virginia Division of Forestry publishes a state edition saying the listed plants can be grown in West Virginia and are relatively resistant to fire. Its same 180 printed taxon occurrences map to the 169 conservative owners already normalized for the template family. The list is non-comprehensive and provides no comparative or site-specific rating.","sourceVersion":"West-Virginia-DOF-Firewise-Landscaping-Plants-live-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874)","sourceUrl":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"completeness":"complete","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The complete three-table AG-874 plant list is explicitly for North Carolina and contains 202 low-, medium-, or high-flammability rows. FireApproved accounts for all source rows under its strict taxonomy and lineage rules; source scope does not establish local suitability at a particular North Carolina site.","sourceVersion":"AG-874-reviewed-2025-03-26","asOf":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"pnw-590","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Home Landscapes (PNW 590)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The October 2023 joint Pacific Northwest Extension publication explicitly names Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and publishes more than 150 plant profiles. FireApproved has normalized 155 exact plant records from the source; publication scope does not assert that every listed plant suits every site within the three states.","sourceVersion":"PNW-590-October-2023","asOf":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ut-sp685","sourceName":"Landscaping Guidelines to Protect Your Home from Wildfire (SP685)","sourceUrl":"https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/SP685.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Tennessee Extension SP685 is Tennessee landscape guidance and publishes 78 represented plant owners. Most table rows are a carrier of Virginia Firescapes rather than an independent rating; Tennessee source scope does not change that lineage or establish site suitability.","sourceVersion":"UT-Extension-SP685-2006-10-24","asOf":"2006-10-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"4","usdaZoneMax":"7"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}