{"id":"chionochloa-rubra","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Chionochloa rubra","commonNames":["Red tussock"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Chionochloa rubra","family":"Poaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":4148052,"itisTsn":797145,"wikidataQid":"Q5101430","inatTaxonId":336069},"regions":["New Zealand"],"plantForm":"grass","uses":["ornamental"],"photo":{"file":"/images/plants/chionochloa-rubra.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/158101280","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95246095","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) John Barkla, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability","claims":"High flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 148","score":{"value":148,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8332; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 292.76","score":{"value":292.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8333; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 238.92","score":{"value":238.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8547; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 389.4","score":{"value":389.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8548; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 11.67","score":{"value":11.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8762; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature increase rate (°C/s): 6.45","score":{"value":6.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature increase rate (°C/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8763; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-14; sampling summer. Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Mason2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}