{"id":"celtis-iguanaea","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Celtis ehrenbergiana","commonNames":["Celtis ehrenbergiana"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Celtis iguanaea","family":"Cannabaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CEEH","gbifKey":2984498},"usdaZoneMin":"6b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AZ","FL","NM","TX"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CEEH","sourceTaxon":"Celtis ehrenbergiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70919, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":10,"waterNeed":"low","evidence":[{"source":"jaureguiberry-2011-device-34spp","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"FL 0.74","score":{"value":0.74,"scale":"jaureguiberry-flammability-index"},"claims":"Appendix S5 mean across six tree-form replicates for Celtis ehrenbergiana (tree): MT 221 °C; BL 0.8 cm; BT 14 s; BR 0.05 cm/s; BB 1.50 on the six-category interval scale. Fresh field samples were preheated for 2 min at 150 °C and exposed to the blowtorch for 10 s. The paper gives no directional FL threshold.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"Austral Ecology 36(7) Appendix S5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02222.x","documentDate":"2011-01-05T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"jaureguiberry-2011-device-34spp","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"FL 0.74","score":{"value":0.74,"scale":"jaureguiberry-flammability-index"},"claims":"Appendix S5 mean across six shrub-form replicates for Celtis ehrenbergiana (shrub): MT 200 °C; BL 2.1 cm; BT 17 s; BR 0.12 cm/s; BB 1.33 on the six-category interval scale. Fresh field samples were preheated for 2 min at 150 °C and exposed to the blowtorch for 10 s. The paper gives no directional FL threshold.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"Austral Ecology 36(7) Appendix S5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02222.x","documentDate":"2011-01-05T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 221","score":{"value":221,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5080; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 202","score":{"value":202,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5081; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5114; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5115; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 1.89","score":{"value":1.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5148; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 0.57","score":{"value":0.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5149; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.12","score":{"value":0.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5182; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.05","score":{"value":0.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5183; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability index: 0.74","score":{"value":0.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability index"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5216; Integrated measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability index: 0.74","score":{"value":0.74,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability index"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5217; Integrated measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Jaureguiberry2011-1; sampling september. Primary study Jaureguiberry2011: Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G., & Díaz, S. (2011). Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecology, 36, 821-829.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Jaureguiberry2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability index: 0.5","score":{"value":0.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability index"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 11900; Integrated measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Santacruz2019-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santacruz2019: Santacruz-García, A. C., Bravo, S., Del Corro, F., & Ojeda, F. (2019). A comparative assessment of plant flammability through a functional approach: The case of woody species from Argentine Chaco region. Austral Ecology, 44, 1416-1429.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Santacruz2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"GBIF exact-match audit 2026-08-25: source name Celtis ehrenbergiana is usage 4159322, accepted as Celtis iguanaea (2984498). Appendix S5 measures distinct tree and shrub morphotypes; both measurement rows stay on this one accepted species identity, with the display facet set to tree from one explicitly observed source form."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","FL","NM","TX"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","FL","NM","TX"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CEEH","sourceTaxon":"Celtis ehrenbergiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70919, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CEEH","sourceTaxon":"Celtis ehrenbergiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70919, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"6b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-3,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CEEH","sourceTaxon":"Celtis ehrenbergiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70919, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"6b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}