{"id":"celtis-australis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Celtis australis","commonNames":["European nettle tree","Mediterranean hackberry"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Celtis australis","family":"Cannabaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CEAU8","gbifKey":2984492,"itisTsn":565053,"wikidataQid":"Q255375","inatTaxonId":76202},"states":["CA"],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6958","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Celtis australis","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021abt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CEAU8"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/celtis-australis.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/122017523","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74643484","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Eleftherios Katsillis, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (trees, native/forest column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"MUY RECOMENDADA","claims":"Celtis australis is rated “MUY RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.25","score":{"value":11.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10485; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling july to august. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 7.37","score":{"value":7.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10486; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling july to august. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 43","score":{"value":43,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10487; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling july to august. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10488; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling july to august. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"isees-2021-judean-hills","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"מיני עצים דליקים פחות מאורנים, כדוגמת — Celtis australis","claims":"The authors name this exact species as an example of a tree less flammable than pines for high, shading groves in public-use forest areas and their access roads.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"recommendations, treatment of public-use forest areas","scheme":"judean-hills-2021-less-flammable-than-pine"},"edition":"Ecology and Environment 12(4)","url":"https://magazine.isees.org.il/?p=38821","documentDate":"2022-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6958","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Celtis australis","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021abt), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CEAU8"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}