{"id":"ceanothus-crassifolius","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Ceanothus crassifolius","commonNames":["Ceanothus crassifolius"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Ceanothus crassifolius","family":"Rhamnaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CECR","gbifKey":3039308},"states":["CA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 319","score":{"value":319,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3302; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Engstrom2004-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engstrom2004: Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Smith, S. G., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2004). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 176, 1577-1591.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Engstrom2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 455.7","score":{"value":455.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3340; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 304.8","score":{"value":304.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3346; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.88","score":{"value":25.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9097; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18.87","score":{"value":18.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9098; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.19","score":{"value":21.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9099; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.94","score":{"value":17.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9100; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 24.21","score":{"value":24.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9101; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26.44","score":{"value":26.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9102; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26.06","score":{"value":26.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9103; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling january. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26.62","score":{"value":26.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9104; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling february. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 30.47","score":{"value":30.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9105; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling march. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 29.63","score":{"value":29.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9106; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling april. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 30.04","score":{"value":30.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9107; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.21","score":{"value":6.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10537; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 10.1","score":{"value":10.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10547; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 319","score":{"value":319,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10557; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.05","score":{"value":0.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10567; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.26","score":{"value":6.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10577; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.35","score":{"value":6.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10578; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 13.62","score":{"value":13.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10598; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 9.85","score":{"value":9.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10599; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 293","score":{"value":293,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10619; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 269","score":{"value":269,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10620; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 23.19","score":{"value":23.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12966; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 16.03","score":{"value":16.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12969; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 5.49","score":{"value":5.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12972; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 231","score":{"value":231,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16699; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.69","score":{"value":0.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16700; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 396","score":{"value":396,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16731; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 420","score":{"value":420,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16732; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 462","score":{"value":462,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16733; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 515","score":{"value":515,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16734; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 463","score":{"value":463,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16735; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 496","score":{"value":496,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16736; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.99","score":{"value":4.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16737; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.19","score":{"value":3.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16738; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.28","score":{"value":3.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16739; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.62","score":{"value":5.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16740; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16741; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.11","score":{"value":7.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16742; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0089","score":{"value":0.0089,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18236; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0078","score":{"value":0.0078,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18237; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}