{"id":"callistemon-citrinus","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Callistemon citrinus","commonNames":["Bottlebrush"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Callistemon citrinus","family":"Myrtaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CACI15","gbifKey":3173413,"itisTsn":835283,"wikidataQid":"Q1028271","inatTaxonId":159683},"usdaZoneMin":"7a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["DC","DE","LA","MD","NJ","OH","PA","PR","WV"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6799","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Callistemon citrinus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021wl), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CACI15"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"callistemon-citrinus","sourceTaxon":"Callistemon citrinus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":10,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/callistemon-citrinus.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/14386774","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) H. Zell, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"MODERATELY Firewise (2)","claims":"Feathery red flowers.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"tfs-fire-resisting","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High Flammability","sourcePlacement":{"value":"remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone","scheme":"tfs-bpz"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/mysite/publications/1709%20Brochure.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Callistemon citrinus is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.61","score":{"value":22.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3822; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gill1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.46","score":{"value":7.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3870; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gill1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15.35","score":{"value":15.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14785; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.05","score":{"value":9.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14786; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.24","score":{"value":5.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14787; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.43","score":{"value":3.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14788; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 18.25","score":{"value":18.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14824; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.7","score":{"value":16.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14825; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 10.79","score":{"value":10.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14826; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 9.23","score":{"value":9.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14827; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Krix2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19345; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 35.8","score":{"value":35.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19346; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 596.2","score":{"value":596.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19347; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 72.7","score":{"value":72.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19348; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"travis-county-agrilife-firewise","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Plants to Avoid for Zone 1 (within 30′ of Structure)","claims":"Listed as Bottlebrush — Callistemon citrinus. The page says Zone 1 entries should be restricted to zones 2 or 3; all-zone entries are highly flammable due to volatile oils or growth habit.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Small Shrubs","scheme":"Travis County Firewise page sections"},"edition":"page modified 2024-01-16","url":"https://travis-tx.tamu.edu/about-2/horticulture/basic-landscape-design/firewise-landscaping/","documentDate":"2024-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"medium","claims":"The table rates Bottlebrush, Dwarf — Callistemon citrinus medium for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Shrubs","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"},"edition":"updated January 14, 2015","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["DC","DE","LA","MD","NJ","OH","PA","PR","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DC","DE","LA","MD","NJ","OH","PA","PR","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"7a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"callistemon-citrinus","sourceTaxon":"Callistemon citrinus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"7","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"callistemon-citrinus","sourceTaxon":"Callistemon citrinus","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6799","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Callistemon citrinus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021wl), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CACI15"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Guide","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Sun City Texas, Georgetown"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The guide is authored for the Sun City Texas community in Georgetown. FireApproved publishes 142 exact owners only as community-level context. It is an archived HOA exhibit with unknown rating lineage, not a current statewide Texas source or an independent Tier 1 determination.","sourceVersion":"Sun-City-Texas-Firewise-guide-2015-01-14","asOf":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"travis-county-agrilife-firewise","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (Travis County)","sourceUrl":"https://travis-tx.tamu.edu/about-2/horticulture/basic-landscape-design/firewise-landscaping/","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Travis County","Austin area"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Texas A&M AgriLife Extension publishes this page through its Travis County horticulture program. FireApproved publishes 56 exact owners and retains the source's zone and warning conditions. This is county/Austin regional context, not a second statewide Texas table or site clearance.","sourceVersion":"Travis-County-AgriLife-Firewise-2024-01-16","asOf":"2024-01-16T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}