{"id":"bromus-willdenowii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Bromus willdenowii","commonNames":["Soft brome"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Bromus catharticus","family":"Poaceae","synonyms":["Bromus willdenowii"],"ids":{"usdaSymbol":"BRCA6","gbifKey":2703723,"itisTsn":501066,"wikidataQid":"Q2919408","inatTaxonId":60276},"usdaZoneMin":"7b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","DC","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","ND","NE","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae6703","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bromus catharticus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021to), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BRCA6"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6704","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bromus catharticus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021to), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BRCA6"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"USDA PLANTS lists duration as Annual / Perennial; its minimum-temperature definition does not apply to summer annuals.","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BRCA6","sourceTaxon":"Bromus willdenowii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20894, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"grass","uses":["pasture"],"matureHeightFt":3,"waterNeed":"high","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/bromus-willdenowii.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/458554578","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/255829987","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Very low flammability","claims":"Very low flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","DC","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","ND","NE","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","AZ","CA","CO","DC","FL","GA","HI","IA","IL","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","ND","NE","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OK","OR","PA","SC","SD","TN","TX","UT","VA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"7b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"USDA PLANTS lists duration as Annual / Perennial; its minimum-temperature definition does not apply to summer annuals.","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BRCA6","sourceTaxon":"Bromus willdenowii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20894, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"USDA PLANTS lists duration as Annual / Perennial; its minimum-temperature definition does not apply to summer annuals.","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"BRCA6","sourceTaxon":"Bromus willdenowii","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20894, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae6703","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bromus catharticus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021to), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BRCA6"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6704","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Bromus catharticus","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021to), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BRCA6"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}