{"id":"azadirachta-indica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Azadirachta indica","commonNames":["Azadirachta indica"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Azadirachta indica","family":"Meliaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"AZIN2","gbifKey":3190474},"states":["PR"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae877","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Azadirachta indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)n, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/azadirachta_indica.htm"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5640","score":{"value":5640,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1170; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chakradhari2016-1; sampling december. Primary study Chakradhari2016: Chakradhari, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion characteristics of tree woods. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 6, 31-43.","original":"Chakradhari2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5720","score":{"value":5720,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1171; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chakradhari2016-1; sampling december. Primary study Chakradhari2016: Chakradhari, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion characteristics of tree woods. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 6, 31-43.","original":"Chakradhari2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5950","score":{"value":5950,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1172; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chakradhari2016-1; sampling december. Primary study Chakradhari2016: Chakradhari, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion characteristics of tree woods. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 6, 31-43.","original":"Chakradhari2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7","score":{"value":7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17086; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.15","score":{"value":0.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17087; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 26","score":{"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17088; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9","score":{"value":9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17131; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17132; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17133; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.","original":"Okafor2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["PR"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae877","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Azadirachta indica","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)n, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/azadirachta_indica.htm"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}